CBSE Class 11 
Political Science 
Revision Notes 
Political Theory: An Introduction 
Chapter 1

1. Political theory has been made one of the subfields with the rise of political science as a subject . Political is an important and integral part of any society.
2. Political theory is the study of the state from the philosophical and empirical point of view. And a political theory can be referred to as a combination of thoughts, philosophies and sciences or arts.
3. Political theory deals with the ideas and principles that shape constitutions, governments, and social life in a systematic manner. It clarifies the meaning of concepts such as freedom, equality, justice, democracy, seculariesm and so on.
4. Politics is referred to struggle for power to maintain relationship between power and authority which is a desire of an act of will.
5. Political theory deals with how the present has come and on what assumptions, it may stay and in future, what it will lead.
6. India is a free country where issues concerning freedom, equality and democracy arise from time to time and implemented also by the intervention of the state.
7. As freedom has been guaranteed by the constitution, still many discriminatory issues are raised and encountered with the interpretations of the state.
8. Along with the changes in time and periods, people’s aspirations and needs are also changed and new dimensions are discovered as well.
9. Political theories debate and examine the diverse meaning and opinions in a systematic manner and easily to be understood by the ordinary peoples.
10. The laws and moral values are interrelated with each other.
11. Hence, the Constitution of India is democratic, secular, federal, liberal, egalitarian, open to community values as well as sensitive towards the needs and aspirations of the peoples to maintain integrity of the county.
12. The philosophy of the constitution does not contain only moral content but mediate between the various interpretations of the core value of Indian polity.
13. The Constitution of India has made the arrangements to protect the rights and interests of SCs, STs, Minorities by providing the reservation of seats in the legislatures for them. The same reservations have been made for them even in government jobs also to secure their interest.
14. The Indian Constitution guarantees the right to primary education for all,this right remains formal.
15. The Constitution of India is a supreme law to be respected and accepted by the institutions and citizens both because only this protects the fundamentalities of citizens and country.
16. The Constitution of India experiences the federal character because it distributes the powers between the central government and its constituent units, it is a written document, it is partially flexible and partially rigid.
17.  Political theory exposes us to systematic thinking on justice or equality so that we can polish our opinions and argue in an informed manner and for the sake of common interests.
18. The constitution has a centralized idea of national unity as its preamble outlines the objectives of constitution by providing justice, equality, fraternity, liberty and unity and integrity of the country.
19. The philosophy of the constitution can be approached by getting the concept of constitution in a clear manner, grasping or analysing the set of ideals in constitution as well as a detailed justification for the same.
20. The philosophy of the constitution mainly emphasises on peaceful and democratic measures to develop a democratic transformations in the form of equality, freedom and national unity and integrity.