September 26, 2022

FORMAL AND INFORMAL Invitation and Replies

Invitation and Replies

FORMAL AND INFORMAL


A. FORMAL INVITATIONS

Main Characteristics:

A formal invitation is normally a single sentence presentation in third person.
Formal invitations are generally printed invitation cards. We use them to invite guests on some auspicious occasion like birthdays, weddings, inauguration of shops, houses, etc.
The invitation answers the questions who, whom, when, where, what time and for what, i.e.,
the occasion
name(s) of the invitee
name(s) of the host
date, time and venue
The other details include name, designation and address of the organiser, sponsor or host or the name(s) of the chief guest or special invitees, in case of an official invitation.
Printed formal invitations don’t include the name of the addressee.
Invitations to VIP to preside over a function do carry the name of VIP prominently.
Length as per CBSE guidelines is limited to 50 words.
I. PRINTED FORMAL INVITATIONS
SOLVED QUESTIONS

Question 1:
M/s Shyam Lai & Sons are opening a new general store ‘Galaxy Novelties’ in Geetanjali Enclave, Dwarika, Delhi. The inauguration ceremony is fixed for Sunday, the 19th of October 20XX at 11 a.m. Prepare a draft of formal invitation letter for the purpose.
Answer:
Invitation and Replies Class 12 Format, Examples image - 1

Question 2:
Draft an invitation on behalf of Mr & Mrs Raj Karan of 38, Kamal Kunj, Varanasi, which they may use to invite their friends and relatives on the 5th birth anniversary of their son Nikhil at their residence on 28 December 20XX.
Answer:
Invitation and Replies Class 12 Format, Examples image - 2

Question 3:
Your sister Nivedita is going to marry Akhilesh (S/o Mr & Mrs SM. Joshi, Nainital) Your father Mr K.S. Bhardwaj has planned to hold the wedding at Hotel Kunal, New Delhi on 25 May 20XX at 8 p.m. Write a formal invitation on behalf of Mr & Mrs K.S. Bhardwaj inviting guests to the auspicious occasion. Give other details. Do not exceed 50 words.
Answer:
Invitation and Replies Class 12 Format, Examples image - 3
Question 4:
You are a student of Newton Public School, Nagpur. The school is holding its annual function on Saturday, the 15th November, 20XX at 11 a.m. The HRD Minister Dr M.M. Joshi has consented to be the chief guest. Design an invitation card to be sent to the parents and other invitees. Do not exceed 50 words.
Answer:
Invitation and Replies Class 12 Format, Examples image - 4
Question 5:
You are the Principal of Zodiac Senior Secondary School, Ooty. The school has completed 25 years of its meritorious services to the society. The Silver Jubilee Celebrations are to be held on Sunday, the 26th October, 20XX. Mrs M. Kamath, the founder Principal will preside. Draft a suitable invitation to be sent to important dignitaries of the city and the parents of students.
Answer:

Invitation and Replies Class 12 Format, Examples image - 5

Question 6:
You are the secretary of Haryana Civil Medical Doctors’ Association, 2345 Sector 15, Panchkula. You have organised a seminar on AIDS for the members of the association and invited a specialist guest speaker. Draft an invitation for publication in the newspapers.
Answer:
Invitation and Replies Class 12 Format, Examples image - 6
Question 7:
The literary club of your school is putting up the play ‘Waiting for Godot’. As secretary of the club, draft an invitation inviting the famous writer Sudeesh Gupta to be the guest of honour at the function. Write the invitation in not more than 50 words. You are Govindl Gauri.
Answer:
Invitation and Replies Class 12 Format, Examples image - 7
Question 8:
You are the Director of Apex Orientations, a leading name in postal coaching for competitive examinations including IIT-JEE and CBSE-PMT. Write letters to the principals of some prestigious schools inviting the names of two brilliant students from each institution to attend their Counselling Session free of cost.
Answer:
APEX ORIENTATION
38-A, Old Rohtak Road,
Karol Bagh,
New Delhi-110005
Ph: 25384077, 25381077
25th March, 20XX
The Principal
ABC School
Delhi
Sir/Madam
Sub: Free Counselling Session
Apex Orientation is a leading name in postal coaching for competitive examinations. We regard your school as one of the prestigious institutions of Delhi. We shall deem it a personal favour if you recommend any two of your brilliant students to attend our Career Counselling Session for IIT-JEE and CBSE-PMT to be held on 10th April, 20XX. The participation will be free of cost.
Kindly send your recommendations by the 7th April.
Ritu Nanda
Director


Question 9:
You are the Secretary of the Old Students’ Association, Mayo School, Ajmer. The 20th Alumni Meet will be held on Sunday, the 28th Sept. 20XX at 8.00 p.m. at Palace Hotel. Write invitation letters to ail the old students of the school to attend the meet.
Answer:
Old Students’ Association
Mayo School
Ajmer
Dear Alumna/Alumnus,
Sub: 20th Alumni Meet
The 20th Alumni Meet of Mayo School, Ajmer will be held on Sunday, the 28th Sept. 20XX at 8 p.m. at The Palace Hotel Ajmer. Old students, along with their spouses will be our guests of honour.
Kindly assemble at 8.00 p.m. in the banquet hall for a get-together, dance and dinner party.
Please confirm your seats by sending ₹ 500 to the undersigned.
Ayush K. Joshi
Secretary

Question 10:
You are Sachin Bansal, the Head Boy of Springdales Public School, Gurgaon. Your school is holding an inter-school T-20 cricket championship from 2 Oct. to 8 Oct., 20XX. Write a formal invitation to Sh. B.S. Bedi, the legendary cricketer, to inaugurate the championship on 2 Oct. 20XX at 10 a.m. at your school grounds.
Answer:
Springdales Public School
Gurgaon
25 Sept. 20XX
Sh. B.S. Bedi
2/27 Jorbagh
New Delhi
Sir
Sub: Inauguration of Cricket Championship
Our school is holding an inter-school T-20 cricket championship from 2 Oct. to 8 Oct. 20XX. All the schools of the area are likely to participate. Your presence in our midst will act as a catalyst and inspire us. You are requested to inaugurate the championship on 2 Oct. 20XX at 10 a.m. in our school grounds.
Kindly confirm your availability by 30 Sept.
Yours faithfully,
Sachin Bansal
Head Boy

B. INFORMAL INVITATIONS

Main Characteristics:
Informal invitations follow the pattern of ordinary personal letters. These letters are written to relatives, friends and acquaintances.

These letters are first/second person presentations.
Personal feelings and emotions find an expression.
The writer’s address is given in the usual place.
The salutation is usually “Dear’ plus “Name’.
The date of writing is given, but the year is generally omitted.
The style and tone are relaxed and informal.
Different tenses are used as the sense demands.
The complimentary close is: Tours sincerely’.
SOLVED QUESTIONS

Question 11:
Rohit has got success in CBSE-PMT. He wants to celebrate his admission to Shivaji Medical College, Nagpur by throwing a party to his friends. Write an informal invitation giving details of venue, time and date. Do not exceed 50 words.
Answer:
33/427 Priya Vihar
New Delhi
15 July 20XX
Dear Varan
You will be glad to learn that I have secured 80th rank in the CBSE-PMT competition. I have got admission in a prestigious institution – Shivaji College, Nagpur. I want to share a few happy moments of my life in the company of my old Mends at a dinner in the Hotel Kanishka at 9.00 p.m. on 23 July, 20XX.
Please join the celebrations and merry-making.
Yours sincerely
Rohit

Question 12:
You are Leena Sen. The wedding of your elder sister Reena Sen is going to be held on
the 15th May, 20XX at Hotel Lake View, Udaipur. Write out an informal invitation to your friend Vinnie requesting her to attend the function.
Answer:
4357, Vasant Kunj
Raj Nagar
1 May, 20XX
Dear Vinnie
You will be pleased to know that the wedding of my elder sister Reena Sen is going to be held on the 15th May, 20XX at Hotel Lake View, Udaipur. The whole family will move there in the morning. I invite you to join us at lunch in the hotel on the 15th. The wedding ceremony will take place at 8 in the evening.
I do hope you will join us on the auspicious occasion.
Yours sincerely
Leena


Question 13:
You are Ankit Verma. Your friend from Malaysia is staying in the hostel. Invite him to join Diwali celebrations with you at your residence.
Answer:
315/2 Raja Gardens
New Delhi
25 October, 20XX
Dear Surunayak
You know that Diwali, the festival of lights, is approaching. It gives me great pleasure to invite you to Diwali celebrations at my residence. We shall have great fun.
Do join us for the ‘Puja’ and Diwali celebrations.
Yours sincerely
Ankit Verma

Question 14:
Write a letter to your friend inviting him on the house-warming-ceremony of your newly constructed house.
Answer:
27, Urban Estate
Sector 15
Karnal
25 July, 20XX
Dear Vineet
I invite you at the house-warming-ceremony of our newly constructed house in Urban Estate. The ‘hawan’ ceremony is at 10 a.m. It will be followed by lunch at 1.00 p.m. Kindly do join us on this auspicious day. I’ll introduce you to my parents and close relatives.
Yours sincerely
Arun Gulati

Question 15:
You are Navin/Neha, the Secretary of the Youth Club of your locality. You are organising an inter-school group-song competition. Invite a prominent musician to act as one of the judges.
Answer:
Youth Club
Nainital
5 December, 20XX
Dear Mr Khanna
I shall feel obliged if you kindly spare some time from your busy schedule and consent to act as one of the judges for an inter-school group-song competition to be held on 24th December, 2OXX at 2 p.m. in the Community Centre, Dehradun Road.
Kindly confirm your acceptance by 10th December.
Yours sincerely
Navin/Neha
Secretary


Question 16:
Your parents have completed 25 years of happy married life. Invite your aunt, living in Hyderabad, to join you in the Silver Jubilee celebration of their marriage at your residence.
Answer:
245 Rose Gardens
Mangalore
25 March, 20XX
Respected Aunt
My parents Sh. R.S. Swaminathan and Smt. Parvathi Devi will be completing 25 years , of their happy, prosperous and eventful married life next month. We are going to celebrate the Silver Jubilee of their married fife on 5th May, 20XX. It will be a simple ceremony. Only family members and close friends are invited.
Do join us on this auspicious day.
Yours sincerely
S.R. Parthasarthy

Question 17:
Nikhil has come out successful in the I.I.T Entrance Examination. He has decided to have a party for his friends. Write out an invitation giving details of venue, time and date. Do not exceed 50 words.
Answer:
D-42, Preet Vihar
New Delhi
10 June 20XX
Dear Pramod
Do join me on 15 June 20XX at 6.00 p.m. at my residence at an intimate party to celebrate my success in the I.I.T. entrance examination. You will meet a lot of our old friends also.
Looking forward to seeing you.
Nikhil

Question 18:
You are Roshan Khera, a resident of Haryana. Invite your friend Hrishit Arora who lives in old Delhi to spend a part of his summer vacation with you at your farm house near Pinjore.
Answer:
Shivalik Farms
Raj Pura Village
Near Pinjore
25 April, 20XX
Dear Hrishit
I will be returning to my farm house after the examination. I invite you to spend at least a fortnight with me at my farm house. It is a pollution free place with lots of trees and greenery all around. The sylvan surroundings will have a refreshing effect on your heart and mind. We shall also visit Pinjore gardens and Kalka hills. Looking forward to your arrival.
Yours sincerely
Roshan Khera

Question 19:
You are Atul Gupta. You are opening a new branch of your business house NEWLIGHT FURNISHINGS at C-32, Ansal Plaza, Delhi. Write an invitation to your uncle to attend the inauguration ceremony and bless you.
Answer:
2475D Model Town Delhi
27 November, 20XX Dear Uncle
With the grace of God and your blessings I am diversifying my business concern. A new branch of our NEWLIGHT FURNISHINGS will be inaugurated at C-32, Ansal Plaza, Delhi on 5 December, 20XX at 9.00 a.m.
Please come in time to join the ceremony and shower your blessings on us.
Yours sincerely
Atul Gupta

Question 20:
You are Manoj. You are going on a picnic with a group of your classmates to Kama Lake, near Karnal. Write an informal invitation to your friend Mohit to join you on that day.
Answer:
2436 Urban Estate
Sector-15
Karnal
25 Aug, 20XX
Dear Mohit
You will be pleased to learn that we have devised a way to beat the heat. I, along with five of my classmates, have decided to go on a picnic to Kama Lake this Sunday, i.e., 30th August, 20XX. We’ll assemble at my house at 8 a.m.
Do join us and have fun.
Yours sincerely
Manoj

TEST YOUR SKILLS

You are going on a picnic at the Suraj Kund, near Haryana-Delhi border with a group of your classmates. Send an informal invitation to your close friend Vipin to join you.
Send a formal invitation to Sh. K.B. Vaid, noted novelist and educationist, to speak on ‘The importance of devotion, dedication and discipline’ in Value Education Club of your school.
You are Vijay Ahuja, proprietor of KIDS PLANET, a showroom of children’s goods. Draft a formal printed invitation to be sent to your patrons, friends and relatives. Give details such as date, time and venue.
On behalf of Mr and Mrs V.K. Mehra, draft a printed invitation card for the marriage of their daughter Prabha with Mayank (S/o Mr & Mrs L.K. Dhingra of Faridabad). Give other details such as date, time and venue. (Word limit = 50 words)
Your school, Modem School, Barakhamba Road, New Delhi is organising its Annual Sports Day. Draft an invitation to be sent to the parents.
Your school, St. Thomas Public School, Meerut, is organising an inter school one-act play competition. Draft an invitation to famous playwright Vijay Kumar to act as one of the judges.
Agarwal Education Society, Alwar has obtained franchise of Delhi Public School and intend to start construction of the school building immediately. Draft an invitation of Bhoomi Pujan’ to be held on 25 August, 20XX.
You are the Principal of KM. School, Bhiwani. Write an invitation to the parents and other important persons of the city to grace the annual function of the school. Sh. K.L. Ahuja, Education Commissioner has agreed to be the chief guest.
Write out a suitable invitation to be sent to the parents of all students inviting them on the Parents’ Day. You are Principal of ABN School, Bhopal.
You are the sports secretary of the Sports Club of Hindu School, Sonipat. Invite the famous cricketer Kapil Dev to inaugurate the new cricket complex recently built by the school.
M/s Spic and Span are opening a new showroom of space saving furniture at Nehru Place, New Delhi. The inauguration is to be held on Sunday, the 23rd November, 20XX at 9.00 a.m. Write a formal letter on their behalf inviting their friends and relatives to the function.
You are Shirish. You have been selected as pilot officer in IAF. You want to celebrate : the occasion by hosting a grand party to your selected friends. Send an informal invitation to your intimate friend Madhu to join you on this occasion.
You are the President, Students’ Council of your school. Send a proper letter of invitation to Sh. Sunil Dutt, M.P., to preside over the oath taking ceremony of the newly elected members of the council on 17 September, 20XX.
Your elder brother Amrit has married Mohini at Bangalore. Your father Mr Sohan Lai Vij wants to hold a dinner to celebrate the wedding. Write a formal invitation on behalf of Mr & Mrs Sohan Lai Vij inviting guests to attend the reception.
Your grand parents have completed 50 years of their wedded life. Send an informal invitation to your uncle, residing at Mysore to join you in the Golden Jubilee celebrations of their marriage at your house.
You have opened a boutique in Paschim Vihar. Draft an invitation for the inauguration of the same, specifying the chief guest and other important details like date, time and venue. The invitation should not exceed 50 words.
The Residents’ Welfare Society of your area is organising a ‘Bal Mela’ on Children’s Day. There will be food-stalls, games and rides along with many attractive prizes. Extend an invitation to the residents to participate in the same in about 50 words.
The Literacy Club of your school is organising an inter-school caricature contest in your school. Draft an invitation inviting the famous cartoonist Sudhir Tailang to be the special guest of honour during the contest.
You are Sajjanraj, S/o Sh. Dharmaraj of Greater Kailash, New Delhi. Your father wants you to draft a formal invitation to be sent on the occasion of your sister, Anita Raj’s marriage. Prepare the invitation.
WRITING REPLIES
(FORMAL AND INFORMAL)
OR
RESPONDING TO INVITATIONS

A formal reply is usually very short. It is brief and to the point. The quality of a good reply is that it must always be pleasant. Even while declining the invitation or expressing inability to attend one must be polite and courteous. Formal replies demand a formal tone and treatment. There is no room for unnecessary details or superfluous matter in them.
An informal reply or private letter may, however, express personal feelings or desires in an intimate style and informal tone.

Main characteristics:
(a) Formal Replies

Acknowledge the invitation.
Express thanks in third person.
Mention acceptance/regret.
Specify the reason for refusal.
Be brief and specific.
Be formal in tone and treatment.
Do not exceed the word limit (usually 50 words).
(b) Informal Replies

Acknowledge the invitation in first person.
Use second person for the sender of invitation.
Mention acceptance/regret.
Specify the reason in case of refusal.
Use warm and simple language.
Do not exceed the word limit (usually 50 words).
RESPONDING TO INVITATIONS
(i) FORMAL REPLIES
SOLVED QUESTIONS

Question 1:
Draft a formal reply accepting an invitation to be present on the occasion of the wedding of Ankush S/o Mr & Mrs Shankar of 24, Green Park Road, Kanpur. You are Vikram Gaur of Raja Ki Mandi, Agra.
Answer:
Mr and Mrs Vikram Gaur thank Mr And Mrs Shankar for inviting them on the occasion of the wedding of their son Ankush at 24, Green Park Road, Kanpur on 15 May, 20XX and assure them that they will be present on the occasion to wish the newly weds a very happy married life. Mr and Mrs Gaur will reach Kanpur by the Agra Mail which leaves Agra at 8.00 a.m.
Vikram Gaur
5 May, 20XX

Question 2:
Write a formal reply expressing your inability to attend the birthday celebrations of your friend Suresh Pradhan of 1235, Vivekananda Marg, Belur. You are Somesh Basu.
Answer:
Mr and Mrs Somesh Basu wish to thank Mr & Mrs Suresh Pradhan for extending an invitation to the birthday celebrations of their son Akshay at their residence 1235, Vivekananda Marg, Belur on 20 March, 20XX and wish the young boy many happy returns of the day but regret their inability to be present personally on account of some previous engagements.
Somesh Basu
16 March, 20XX

Question 3:
You are Dr Avinash Bhalla. You have received an invitation from the Director, Health Services, Haryana who has invited leading medical practitioners of the state to attend a workshop on ‘child care’ on 20 May, 20XX at 10 a.m. in Civil Hospital Ambala. Respond to the invitation.
Answer:
Dr Avinash Bhalla has a great pleasure in receiving the invitation from the Director, Health Services, Haryana to attend a workshop on ‘Child Care’ on 20 May, 20XX at 10 a.m. in Civil Hospital Ambala.
He confirms his presence with thanks.
Avinash Bhalla
16 March, 20XX

Question 4:
Draft a formal reply expressing your inability to attend the inauguration of the showroom ‘Regalia’ on Sunday, the 20th July 20XX, at 11 a.m. at B-12, Rohini. You are Navin Jain of C-5, G.K.J, New Delhi and your friend is G.L. Bansal of 23, Sunder Nagar, New Delhi.
Answer:
C-5, GK-I,
New Delhi
15 July, 20XX
Mrs & Mr Navin Jain thank Mrs & Mr G.L. Bansal for the invitation to the inauguration of their showroom ‘Regalia’ on Sunday, the 20th July 20XX, at 11 a.m. at B-12, Rohini, Delhi. However, they express their inability to be present on the occasion due to a prior commitments.
Jains

Question 5:
You are Akshya / Aakriti. You have been invited to participate in a seminar on ‘Fundamental Rights of Children’, organised by the Lions Club of your distinct. Respond to the invitation by writing a letter to the Secretary of the club.
Answer:
25, Aram Bagh Road
Meerut
5 May, 20XX
The Secretary
Lions Club, Meerut
Sir
Sub: Acceptance of Invitation
Thanks for your invitation for a seminar on ‘Fundamental Rights of Children’, and your concern for the under-privileged children. I would like to utilise this opportunity to share my experiences with other like-minded enthusiasts and experts.
1 hereby confirm my participation in the seminar.
Yours sincerely
Akshya I Aakriti

Or

Sir
Sub: Inability to accept the invitation
Thank you very much for inviting me to participate in a seminar on ‘Fundamental Rights of Children’. I feel honoured and obliged. However, I shall not be able to accept your invitation due to some previous commitments which keep me confined to my place on that day.
Thanking you once again for your kind invitation.
Yours sincerely
Akshay / Aakrit

Question 6:
Mr Arun Verma’s father died on 25 October, 20XX. His friends and relatives wrote to him condoling the death of his father. Draft a formal reply on behalf of Mr Verma, his address being 75, Ring Road, Alwar (Rajasthan).
Answer:
Mr Arun Verma of 75, Ring Road, Alwar (Rajasthan) feels deeply indebted to all his friends, relatives and well-wishers who have been good enough to share his sorrow in his hour of bereavement. Their sympathy, love and kindness have given him the strength to bear the irreparable loss caused by the sad and sudden demise of his father.
Arun Verma
10 Nov, 20XX

Question 7:
You are Prof. N. Dutta, a. famous historian from Kurukshetra University. You have the honour of being invited as the chief guest at a public function. However, due to sudden illness you are unable to attend the same. Draft a suitable reply in about 50 words.
Answer:
Prof. N. Dutta expresses his thanks to the Secretary and members of the Citizens’ Forum for their kind invitation to act as the chief guest at their public function to celebrate Martyr’s Day. He regrets to his inability to attend the function due to his sudden illness this morning which has confined him to bed.
The inconvenience and embarrassment is regretted.
N. Dutta
2 Nov, 20XX

Question 8:
Draft a reply accepting an invitation to be present on the birthday celebrations of your friend’s son. You are Devesh Sarin and your friend is Alok Gautam of 42, Ashok Vihar, Delhi.
Answer:
Devesh Sarin wishes to thank Mrs & Mr Alok Gautam for inviting him to the birthday celebrations of his son Chirayu at their residence 42, Ashok Vihar, Delhi on 25 September, 20XX at 5 p.m. and assures them that he will be present on the occasion to wish the young boy many happy returns of the day.
Devesh Sarin
20 Sept., 20XX

Question 9:
You are Abhay Minocha, the captain of your school cricket team. You have received an invitation from the St. Thomas Public School, Lucknow to play a friendly exhibition match at their playground. Respond to this invitation.
Answer:
The undersigned thanks the captain of the Cricket Eleven of St. Thomas Public School, Lucknow for his invitation to play a friendly exhibition match on their playground on the 24th October. He cordially accepts the invitation and hopes to reach Lucknow with his team on the 23rd October by evening.
Abhay Minocha
Captain ABC School Team, Kanpur

Question 10:
You are Rahul/Neha. You have been invited by the Youth Club of your locality to act as one of the judges for an inter-school group song competition organised by the club. But unfortunately you cannot accept this invitation due to a previous engagement. Write to the secretary of the club regretting your inability to accept the invitation.
Answer:
Neha thanks the secretary of the Youth Club for inviting her to act as one of the judges for an inter-school group-song competition on 4 May, 20XX but regrets her inability to accept the invitation owing to some prior engagements.
The inconvenience is regretted.
Neha
2 May, 20XX

(ii) INFORMAL REPLIES
SOLVED QUESTIONS

Question 11:
You are Aakash/Varsha. You have been invited to attend the wedding of your friend’s sister during summer vacation. Respond to the invitation, regretting your inability to attend it.
Answer:
205, Vasant Kunj
New Delhi
4 March, 20XX
Dear Neha
Thank you for your cordial invitation on the occasion of your sister’s wedding. I, however, regret my inability to be with you on this happy occasion as we shall be leaving for Shimla for summer holidays on 1 May, 20XX. Please excuse my absence. Do convey my regards and best wishes to the couple.
Yours sincerely
Varsha/Aakash

Question 12:
You are Manoj /Mini. You have been invited to attend a birthday party of your closest friend. Respond to this invitation.
Answer:
217 MIG Flats
Surya Vihar, New Delhi
15 March, 20XX
Dear Shuchi
I have received your invitation for your birthday party on 25 March, 20XX at 5 p.m. at Hotel Janpath. I am extremely happy to know that all our old friends are likely to be there.
I would like to confirm my participation.
Looking forward to the momentous occasion.
With love.
Manoj/Mini

Or

Dear Shuchi
I acknowledge with thanks your kind invitation to your birthday party on the 25th March. I regret to inform you that I will not be able to join you in the celebrations due to some very urgent and unavoidable prior engagements that may keep me tied down here on that day.
Please accept my heartiest felicitations and love.
Kindly accept a small gift that I am sending through courier.
Wishing you a very happy birthday.
Yours sincerely
Manoj /Mini

Question 13:
You are Arjun /Aparna. Your school has been invited to participate in an inter-school On-the-spot painting competition organised by the Lions Club of your district. As General Secretary of the Painting Club of your school, respond to the invitation.
Answer:
D.N. Public School
Karnal
7 March, 20XX
The President
Lions Club
Karnal
Sir
This refers to your invitation to our school to participate in the inter-school on-the- spot painting competition. We thank you for inviting us and gladly confirm our participation in this interesting competition.
Yours sincerely
Aparna / Arjun
General Secretary
Painting Club

Question 14:
You are Sachin / Shama. You have been selected to represent your school in a seminar on ‘Education for All’, organised by NCERT. Write a letter to the Professor Incharge requesting her to send you a copy of the working paper prepared for the seminar to enable you to prepare yourself on the subject.
Answer:
ABC School
New Delhi
7 March, 20XX
The Professor Incharge
NCERT
New Delhi
Madam
Sub: Education for All
I would like to thank you for inviting our school for the proposed seminar on ‘Education for All’ being organised by your Institute.
Kindly send me a copy of the working paper prepared for the seminar so that I can prepare myself properly and make a meaningful contribution in the deliberations at the seminar.
Looking forward to an early response.
Yours sincerely
Sachin/Shama

Question 15:
You have been invited to an evening bash at the Nirula’s by Vibhu, your close friend,
to celebrate his selection in NDA. Respond to the invitation. You are Nitin of 56, Gautama Enclave, New Delhi-56. .
Answer:
56, Gautama Enclave
New Delhi-110056
10 May, 20XX
Dear Vibhu
Thank you very much for your pleasant invitation. I’ll join the evening bash at Nirula’s on 16th May at 6 p.m.
With best wishes.
Yours sincerely
Nitin

Question 16:
You are Shiv Khera, a noted educationist. You have been invited by the Value Education Club of Vivekanand Sr. Sec. School, Roop Nagar, New Delhi to deliver a talk on ‘The Importance of Devotion, Dedication and Discipline’ on a date and time convenient to you. Respond to the invitation.
Answer:
C-2/21, New Defence Colony
New Delhi
25 August, 20XX
The Secretary
Value Education Club
Vivekanand Sr. Sec. School
Roop Nagar, New Delhi
Dear Rohit
Sub: Invitation to deliver a talk
I thank you for your invitation to speak on a topic dear to me. I hope Friday, the 12th September, 20XX will be acceptable to you.
With best wishes.
Yours sincerely
Shiv Khera

Question 17:
You are Monica Kapoor. Your friend Mridula has invited you to her engagement ceremony to be held at the Hallmark Resorts on 1 April 20XX at 6 p.m. Respond to the invitation.
Answer:
D 27 Vayu Vihar
New Delhi
25 March, 20XX
Dear Mridula
Thank you very much for the invitation to join your engagement ceremony celebrations at the Hallmark Resorts on the 1st April, 20XX at 6 p.m. I could never think of missing the golden opportunity to see the youngman, our would be ‘jijaji’ and will be positively there.
But halt! The date surprises me. Are you serious or kidding me?
Let us see who plays the fool—one for a day and the other for a whole life.
With best wishes.
Yours sincerely
Monica Kapoor

Question 18:
You are Abhinav/Aakriti. You have received a letter from your close friend, inviting you to attend the marriage of his sister. But, unfortunately, you cannot attend it due to your previous commitments. Write him a letter regretting your inability to attend the marriage ceremony.
Answer:
247/C Mayank Apartments
New Delhi-110059
25 March, 20XX
Dear Rohit
I feel honoured for being invited to attend the marriage of your elder sister, Kunika. Please accept my thanks and congratulations. Unfortunately, due to some unavoidable previous commitments, I shall not be able to attend the ceremony. Kindly do not take it otherwise.
Please do accept a small wedding gift that I am sending for Kunika ‘Didi’ through courier on this auspicious occasion.
Yours sincerely
Abhinav

Question 19:
You have received an invitation from your aunt at Manali to spend some days during your summer vacation with her. Respond to this invitation. You are Madhav /Manisha, of 27, Patel Nagar, New Delhi.
Answer:
27 Patel Nagar
New Delhi
25 April, 20XX
Dear Aunt
Thank you very much for inviting me to spend some part of my summer vacation with you at Manali. I hope to reach Manali by the 15th May and stay there for a week.
With regards.
Yours affectionately
Madhav / Manisha

Question 20:
You are Prem Shankar Jha, eminent economist. You have received an invitation from the Lion’s Club to speak on the salient features of the latest budget. Regret your inability due to previous commitments.
Answer:
27 Ashoka Road
New Delhi
3 March, 20XX
The Secretary
Lion’s Club
Agra
Dear Sir
Thanks for sending me an invitation to speak on the salient features of the latest union budget. I regret my inability to join you on the date suggested by you due to heavy and unavoidable prior commitments.
Yours faithfully
Prem Shankar

(b) REPLIES TO QUERIES
(OFFICIAL/BUSINESS REPLIES)
SOLVED QUESTIONS

Question 1:
Blue Star Electronics Ltd., Ludhiana made an offer to Bhatia Electronics, Rohtak for the agency of their new model ‘Goldie’ water coolers. Write a formal letter on behalf of Bhatia Electronics accepting the offer of the agency.
Answer:
Bhatia Electronics
5, Palika Bazar, Rohtak
6 March, 20XX
M/s Blue Star Electronics Ltd.
Hall Bazar, Ludhiana
Dear Sir,
Sub: Agency of ‘Goldie’ Water Cooler
We gratefully acknowledge the offer of agency of your new product ‘Goldie’ with the terms and conditions contained in the appended brochure.
A demand draft of ₹ 3 lakh payable at Ludhiana is enclosed.
P. Bhatia : Partner

Question 2:
Draft a foimal reply to M/s Sumit Brothers explaining why all the orders have been cancelled.
Answer:
Parag Textiles
25, Old Fort Road,
Surat
25 October, 20XX
M/s Sumit Brothers
26, Central Market
Jhansi
Dear Sir
Sub: Cancelling of Orders
Your dealings with us defy all ethics of business norms and culture. In spite of repeated reminders you have been deliberately withholding outstanding payments. Since the amount due towards you exceeds ten times your deposit with us, we are constrained to cancel all your previous orders placed with us.
Sd/-
Sales Manager

Question 3:
Draft a formal reply to an Education Society seeking the franchise of ABN Public School. Delhi.
Answer:
Principal
ABN Public School, Delhi
3 May, 20XX
The Chairman
Bright Education Society
Faridabad
Dear Sir
Sub: Franchise of ABN Public School
We acknowledge the receipt of your letter dated 25 Feb. 2003 seeking franchise of our institution. Please find enclosed a brochure containing the detailed information of requirements to be fulfilled before you formally apply on the appended form.
Sd/-
Principal

Question 4:
you are Ms. S. Janaki, lecturer in Physics, Shyarna Girls School, Jodhpur. You had or study leave for 2 years. Draft a reply on behalf of the Principal explaining why study leave can’t be sanctioned to you.
Answer:
Shyarna Girls School
Jodhpur
3 Jan, 20XX
Ms S. Janaki
Lecturer in Physics
Dear Madam
I regret to inform you that your application for study leave has been rejected by the governing body as you fail to fulfil the minimum eligibility period of 5 years’ regular service, you can apply afresh as and when you are eligible to avail this facility.
Yours faithfully
Sd/-
Principal

Question 5:
You are the Principal of St George Public School, Chennai. You had requested the Commissioner of Police (Traffic) Chennai to hold an exhibition of observance of ‘Safety Week’ at your school. Draft a reply from the Commissioner of Police showing his willingness to provide men and material for observance of the safety week.
Answer:
Coinmissioner of Police (Traffic)
10 Periyar Road
Chennai
26 August, 20XX
The Principal
St George Public School
Chennai
Sir
Sub: Observance of Safety Week
We assure you all the help and cooperation with men and material to make the observance of the Safety Week at your school a grand success. Posters, placards and other literature will be provided for holding the exhibition.
Yours faithfully,
R. Rajeshwaran
Police Commissioner (T)

Question 6:
You are Anil Vats, a student of XII C, Bal Bharati School, Pusa Road, New Delhi. You had made certain enquiries to become a member of Delhi Public Library. As libranar draft a formal reply in response to your queries.
Answer:
The Librarian
Delhi Public Library
Delhi
30 March, 20XX
Dear Sir
Received your letter dated 20 August, 20XX. The rules for obtaining the membership of the DP Library are very simple. Fill in the form for membership (available at the enquiry counter). Get it attested by the Principal of your school and submit it along with the security amount. You will get your membership card and the tickets the next day.
Yours faithfully
P.K. Naveen
Librarian

Question 7:
You had applied for the membership of Kotla Club, Delhi and also made certain, enquiries regarding the admission of new members. Draft a reply from the secretary the club asking for certain clarifications before you can be enrolled as a member.
Answer:
The Secretary
Kotla Club
Delhi-110006
17 Oct., 20XX
Sh. Jai Prakash Gupta
3672, Chawri Bazar
Delhi-110006
Sir
Your request for membership of the club is under active consideration. Kindly furnish certificates from two responsible persons (not related to you) regarding your character and conduct.
Yours faithfully
C.P. Sexena
Secretary

Question 8:
You are Vinod Aggarwal, father of Priyanka, a student of Mother’s School, Kolkata. You had requested the Principal of the school for providing certain facilities (computer education, health awareness, moral education, more indoor games, etc). Draft a reply on behalf of the Principal indicating that the issue will be discussed in the forthcoming meeting of P.T.A.
Answer:
Mother’s School
Elgin Road
Kolkata
25 Sept., 20XX
Sh. Vinod Aggarwal
27/427 Harrison Road,
Kolkata
Sir
Thanks for your letter suggesting betterment of facilities in the school. The issue will be discussed in the next meeting of the P.T.A. scheduled for 5 October, 20XX. Kindly make it a point to attend and push your views across in the deliberations. Yours faithfully S. Ghoshal Principal

Question 9:
You are Neeraj, a student of XII class of Girdhari Lai Model School, Jungpura, Jind. You had requested the Principal, Hindu Sr. Sec. School, Sonepat for migration. Draft a reply from the Principal expressing his inability to accede to your request.
Answer:
The Principal
Hindu Sr. Sec. School
Sonepat
21 July, 20XX
Dear Mr Neeraj
I am sorry to inform you that your request for migration to this institution in class XII cannot be acceded to. We allow migration only in class XI. Moreover, we do not have additional seats in class XII to accommodate students from outside.
Yours faithfully
S.K. Kapur
Principal

Question 10:
You are Suresh Kumar of village Sherpur in Gurgaon district. You had requested the District Health Officer on behalf of the villagers to open a dispensary in your village. You had also made certain other enquiries. Draft a formal reply from the District – Health Officer, Gurgaon.
Answer:
The District Health Officer
Gurgaon
25 March, 20XX
Sh. Suresh Kumar
Village Sherpur
Distt. Gurgaon
Dear Sir
Sub: Opening of Dispensary
Your request for opening a dispensary in village Sherpur is under active consideration. Kindly send an attested copy of the resolution of the village Panchayat offering to transfer the building and 1.5 acre land to the government for the dispensary. This will help in early disposal of the case.
Yours faithfully
H.L. Batra
Distt. Health Officer

TEST YOUR SKILLS

You were invited by the local unit of Boogie Woogie, a talent search organisation, to make a selection of the local teams for participation in the zonal competition and performance at the national level. But you are not in a position to do so because you have met with an accident. Write a letter to the convener regretting your inability to honour the request explaining to him your position. You are Arun/Aruna Joglekar.
You have received an invitation to attend the prize giving ceremony on the occasion of the Regional Social Sciences Exhibition. Write a letter to the Secretary of the ‘The World View’ (the organiser of the exhibition) informing him about your inability to attend. Give three reasons.
You were invited by a friend of yours to spend some days at his farmhouse in Manali during the summer vacation. Respond to his invitation.
Write an informal reply to your pen-friend in the U.K assuring her of all help and guidance dining her planned forthcoming visit to India.
You are Arun/Aruna. You have been invited to attend the wedding of your friend’s sister during summer vacation. Respond to the invitation accepting the invitation.
You have received an invitation from the Manager, Youth Club IIT, Powai, Mumbai to attend the Premiere of the play called ‘Desh Ki Pukar’. Write a letter of regret giving at least three reasons for your not being able to attend the programme.
You are Rahul/Neha. You have been invited by the Three Arts Club of your locality to give a dance performance on the occasion of its Silver Jubilee Celebrations. Respond to the invitation.
You are the President, Literary Society of your school. You had requested the famous writer Mulk Raj Anand to inaugurate the Society’s Talent Search Function. Mr Anand has raised certain queries regarding the activities of the society, its membership, previous performance etc. Send a brief informal reply.
You were invited by your friend S. Kumar to the marriage of his son, but due to some unavoidable circumstances you can’t leave the station. Write a reply expressing your inability to attend the function. You are V.K Malhotra of 235, Mayur Vihar, Delhi.
Draft a reply, in not more than 50 words, accepting an invitation to be present on the occasion of the first marriage anniversary of your cousin Urvashi.
Mr S.K. Sarin’s mother died on 10 July, 20XX. His friends and relatives sent him letters of condolence. Draft a reply on behalf of Mr Sarin thanking his close friend Anurag Sibal of 25 Golf Links, New Delhi for sharing his grief during the bereavement.
You wrote an article on ‘Psuedo-Secularism in India’ and sent it to The Times of India for publication. On behalf of the Editor, The Times of India, write a letter regretting that your article has not been found acceptable for the paper.
You wrote a letter to the Dyal Singh Memorial Library seeking information regarding the membership of the library. Draft a reply on behalf of the Librarian, DSM Library in response to your letter.
You are S.P. Singh, manager Dark Horses Club, Kashmiri Gate, Delhi. Write a reply to Young Heroes Club, Lucknow expressing your inability to accept their offer of. a friendly match at Lucknow on the coming Sunday. Give three reasons.
You are P.K. Mehta, the Personnel Manager, Hindustan Cables, Bangalore. Write a letter to one Sumit Hegde of 327, Garden Road, Mysore expressing your inability to re-appoint him.
You are Rohan, the secretary of the Eco-Club of your school. You want to start a ‘Greener City – Cleaner City campaign in your city. You have approached the secretary, Green Earth, a voluntary organisation, for help and guidance. Draft a reply on behalf of the secretary, Green Earth explaining what sort of assistance and guidance they can render.
You sent some suggestions to THE HERALD, a local weekly for giving more space to local news and issues. Draft a formal reply on behalf of the Editor accepting your suggestions but declining to cut advertisements.
On behalf of Shabana Azmi, M.P. and noted film star, write a reply accepting the invitation of the Little Angels Club – a society running an orphanage, to preside over their Diwali Mela celebrations.
Draft a formal reply on behalf of the leader of opposition in the Lok Sabha accepting the invitation of the Students’ Forum, ABC School Noida, to inaugurate their Mock- Parliament.
As manager of R.S. Dhami & Sons, Agra write a letter to M/s Raj Kumar Prem Kumar, New Market, Barot responding to their query why their firm has been blacklisted by you.
Invitation Format CBSE Class 12

Notice Writing Format

Notice Writing Format 
1. CULTURAL & ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES
(Dance, Drama, Music, Quiz, Debate, Lecture, Magazine, Science Fair ! Exhibition etc.)
SOLVED QUESTIONS

Question 1:
You are the Secretary of the English Literary Association of Tagore Memorial School, Patna. Write out a notice for noticeboard, inviting names of those who would like to participate in the proposed inter-house debate, oratorial and elocution contest.
Answer:

English Literary Association
TAGORE MEMORIAL SCHOOL, PATNA

5 Aug. 20XX

NOTICE
INTER-HOUSE COMPETITIONS

The English Literary Association invites participants in the following contests to be held in the school auditorium:
(a) Debate competition: 20 Aug. 20XX at 11.00 a.m.
(b) Oratorial skills: 21 Aug. 20XX at 11.00 a.m.
(c) Elocution contest: 21 Aug. 20XX at 2.00 p.m.
Each house can send a team of two students per item.
Last date for submission of names: 10th August, 20XX
Ravi Mohan
Secretary
ELA

Question 2:
You are Rahul /Rashmi. As President of the Literary Club of your school; you have organised an inter-school debate competition on the occasion of the Silver Jubilee celebrations of your school. Write a notice in about 50 words, informing the students of your school about the competition.
Answer:

Literary Club
ST. THOMAS PUBLIC SCHOOL, LUCKNOW

5 Dec. 20XX

NOTICE

The Literary Club is organising an inter-school debate competition on the occasion of the Silver Jubilee celebrations as per details given below:
Date : 18 Dec. 20XX
Time : 11 a.m. onwards
Venue : Saraswati Auditorium
Topic : “Nuclear Armament is India’s best defence against cross-border terrorism”
Last date for receipt of names: 10 Dec. upto 4.30 p.m. in the Activities Room.
Rahul/Rashmi
President

Question 3:
You are Ravi/Rachna. As President of the Cultural Forum of your school, you have organised an inter-school orchestra competition on the occasion of the Silver Jubilee celebrations of your school. Write a notice in about 50 words, informing the students of your school about this competition.
Answer:

Cultural Forum
RAS BIHARI MODEL SCHOOL, MATHURA

6 Nov. 20XX

NOTICE
Inter-School Orchestra Competition

On the occasion of the Silver Jubilee celebrations, an Inter-School Orchestra Competition will be held.
Date : 14 Nov. 20XX
Time : 2 p.m. onwards
Venue :  Vikram Auditorium
Participants : Maximum 9 in an item
Last date for submission of Entry Forms: 10 Nov 20XX
Rachna/Ravi
President
Cultural Forum

Question 4:
You are Pradeep /Asha. As President of the Dramatic Club of your school; you have organised an inter-school competition in one-act plays on the occasion of the Silver Jubilee celebrations of your school. Write a notice in about 50 words, informing the students of your school about this proposed event.
Answer:

Dramatic Club
SCINDIA SCHOOL, INDORE

16 AUG. 20XX

NOTICE

On the occasion of the Silver Jubilee celebrations of the school, the Dramatic Club has organized an inter-school competition in one-act plays as per details given below :
Date : 30 Aug 20XX
Time : 10 a.m. onwards
Venue : Ashoka Auditorium
Participants :  Maximum 7 in a team
Last Date for the receipt of Entry forms: 25 Aug. 20XX by 4.00 pm
Pradeep /Asha
President
Dramatic Club

Question 5:
You are President of the Cultural Society of your school. You are planning to organise a cultural programme. Write a notice for the school noticeboard inviting names of students willing to participate. You are Sudhir, the secretary of the society.
Answer:

Cultural Society
ABC SCHOOL, BHOPAL

9th Aug. 20XX

NOTICE
OPPORTUNITY FOR BUDDING ARTISTS

Talented students are invited to submit their names for a musical evening to be held on 21st August 20XX in the school open air theatre from 6 p.m. onwards Items:

Light vocal music (solo)
Group Song
Group Dance
Classical Dance (Solo)
Contact the undersigned before 16th Aug. 20XX.
Sudhir
Secretary
Cultural Society

Question 6:
You are David I Dorothy, the secretary of .the Dance and Drama Society of the Sanskriti School, Patna. Write a notice for your school notice board inviting students to give their names for a Fancy Dress Competition.
Answer:

Dance & Drama Society
THE SANSKRITI SCHOOL, PATNA

9th Aug. 20XX

NOTICE

A Fancy Dress Competition will be held as under:
Date : 25 Aug. 20XX
Time : 11 a.m. onwards
Venue : School Auditorium
Duration of performance : 3 minutes
Last Date for submission of names : 16 Aug. 20XX by 4 p.m.
For details contact the undersigned
David / Dorothy
Secretary
Dance & Drama Society

Question 7:
You are Pushpak /Pooja. As the Secretary of the Social Service League of your school; you have organised a cultural benefit show in aid of mentally handicapped children of your town, Vijayawada. Write a notice in not more than 50 words for your school notice board, giving necessary information about the programme.
Answer:


Social Service League
CENTRAL PUBLIC SCHOOL, VIJAYWADA

05 Jan. 20XX

NOTICE
In aid of mentally handicapped children we are presenting
A CULTURAL SHOW

Date : 14 January 20XX
Time : 4.30 p.m. onwards
Venue : Community Centre, Vijayawada All are cordially invited.
Pushpak/Puja
Secretary

Question 8:
You are Rohit/Rashi. As the Secretary of the Cultural Club of your school, you have organised a Cultural Evening as a thanks giving programme on the last day of your school. Write a notice for your school notice board, giving necessary information about this event in not more than 50 words.
Answer:

Cultural Club
HOLY CHILD ACADEMY, MANIPUR

5 Feb. 20XX

NOTICE
THANKS GIVING CEREMONY

The Cultural Club is organising a thanks giving ceremony as per details given below :
Date : 20 February 20XX
Time : 6 p.m. onwards
Venue : School Auditorium
Cultural Programme and refreshment will follow. Please be in your seats by 5.50 p.m.
Maintain decency and decorum.
Rohit/Rashi
Secretary

Question 9:
You are Praveen /Prabha. As the Secretary, Science Club of your school, write a notice informing students about an Inter-School Science Exhibition and encouraging them to participate in it.
Answer:

Science Club
GOENKA PUBLIC SCHOOL, NEW DELHI

15 July 20XX

NOTICE

Bright, enterprising and intelligent science students are invited to participate in the Inter-School Science Exhibition to be held in Sophia School next month. Submit your charts, models, projects by 30th July. Appear before screening committee on 5 Aug. 20XX at 11 a.m. in the Activities Room.
Praveen/Prabha
Secretary

Question 10:
You are Avani/Avinash. As the Secretary of Students’ Forum you want to start a Wall Magazine for the students of the school. Write a notice inviting articles, stories, poems and campus news for the Wall Magazine.
Answer:

Students’ Forum
ST PATRICK SCHOOL, SHIMLA

20 July 20XX

NOTICE

It is proposed to launch a Wall Magazine outside the Senior Common Room. This will help in churning out the creative and literary talents of students.
Items : Articles, stories, poems
Length : Not more than 400 words
Size : Foolscap paper with margin
Date of Submission : 5th of every month
Contact : Vaxii, XIA; coordinator
Avani/Avinash
Secretary

Question 11:
Write a notice for your school notice board in 50 words inviting articles for your school magazine. You are Ramesh, student Editor of your school magazine.
Answer:

MARIGOLD PUBLIC SCHOOL, KARNAL

10 Sept. 20XX

NOTICE

The school magaine ‘OUTLOOK’ will be published in the first week of February. Students are requested to contribute articles, poems, riddles, short stories, funny anecdotes, cartoons etc to the undersigned by 10th October.
Contributions should be neatly written or typed on one side of the foolscap paper.
Ramesh
Student Editor
School Magazine

Question 12:
You are Rohit / Roopali. As President of the Students’ Council of St. Francis Sr. Secondary School, Bangalore you have invited a visiting Russian Ballet troupe to give a performance in your school on the occasion of its Golden Jubilee celebrations. Write a notice in about 50 words informing the students about this event.
Answer:

ST. FRANCIS SR. SECONDARY SCHOOL, BANGALORE

3 Jan. 20XX

NOTICE
RUSSIAN BALLET VISIT

On the occasion of the Golden Jubilee Celebrations of the school, a visiting Russian Ballet Troupe, will give its performance.
Date : 10 Jan 20XX
Time : 3 pm onwards
Venue : School Auditorium
All are invited. Please collect invitation cards from the undersigned.
Rohit
President
Students’ Council

Question 13:
You are Manav/Manasi working as the Students’ Representative on the School Development committee. The committee is going to meet next week to prepare a Calendar of Activities for the school for the year 200X-20XX. To ensure that you play your role effectively at the proposed meeting you have decided to invite the students’ suggestions on this subject. Write a notice in this regard in not more than 50 words to be put up on your school notice board.
Answer:

NOTICE

4 May 20XX

PROPOSED CALENDAR: 200X-20XX

The School Development Committee proposes to develop calendar of activities for next year. All suggestions on following topics may be directed to the undersigned by 15th May. .

Excursions
Inter-house Competitions
Trekking Venues
Welfare Activities
Inter-School Contests
Science Fair/Exhibitions
Manav IManasi
Students’ Representative
SDC

Question 14:
Your school (Amar Vidyplaya) is organising a cultural evening to collect funds for the slum children. The Education Minister has consented to be the Chief Guest on the occasion. Draft a notice about it to be displayed on your school notice board. You are the school Head Boy /Head Girl. (Word limit: 50)
Answer:
7 March 20XX

AMAR VIDYALAYA
NOTICE
CULTURAL EVENING

Our school is organising a Cultural Evening to collect funds for the ‘slum children’ on 10th March, 20XX at 5 p.m. in the auditorium. All the students are requested to make it a success. The Hon’ble Education Minister will be the Chief Guest. Come with friends & relatives.
Ticket: ₹ 50
Head Boy

Question 15:
You are Narain /Namrata, the Cultural Secretary of Kings’ Senior Secondary School, Nainital. Write a notice suitable for your school notice board giving the details for participation of students in a cultural programme to be organised by your school. (Word limit: 50)
Answer:
cbse-class-12-english-writing-skills-notice-(114-1)

Question 16:
As the Head Boy /Head Girl of your school you are organising a Career Counselling Session for XI and XII Std. students of your school. Write a notice giving details of it to be displayed on your school notice board. (Word limit: 50)
Answer:
1 August 20XX

ABC SCHOOL XYZ CITY
NOTICE
CAREER COUNSELLING SESSION

Students of classes XI and XII are invited to attend a career counselling session on 10 Aug. 20XX in the Tagore Auditorium at 9.00 am. Please be seated by 8.45 am. Kindly do not bring bag/eatables inside the auditorium. For more details contact the undersigned.
Rahul Mehta
Head Boy

TEST YOUR SKILLS

You are Seema/Sudhir, the Cultural Secretary of your school. Write a notice for your school notice board in 50 words inviting students to participate in an inter-school poster making contest.
You are Kamal/Komal. Your school has decided to organise a cultural programme to raise funds for the victims of Orissa super cyclone. As the Cultural Secretary, write a notice in about 50 words giving details to your schoolmates.
You are Navin/Namita, Head Boy/Girl of your school. You have organised a talk on career guidance by Dr Arun Bajaj, the eminent counsellor SAHYOG. Write a notice in about 50 words inviting students of XI and XII to attend the lecture.
Mother Teresa Public School, Kolkata is organising a debate on 15 Feb, 20XX at 11 a.m. The topic is ‘Environmental degradation is a global concern’. Two students can participate from each school. As social secretary of your school put up a notice inviting names of students who wish to participate in the debate.
You are Shakti/Shalini working as the Students’ Representative on the Management Committee of your school. The committee is going to meet next week to chalk out an academic programme for the next year. To ensure that the committee really prepares a need-based programme for the students you have decided to invite the students’ suggestions on this subject. Write a notice in this regard in not more than 50 words
Your school is organising a two-day Integration Camp at Sawan Public School, Mehrauli involving special children. There will be art work, music, song and dance competitions. As Cultural Incharge, draft a notice inviting names of participants from classes XI-XII.
NIE is organising an Inter School Debate at the PSBB Sr. Sec. School, Chennai on 14 Feb. 20XX at 10 a.m. The topic is ‘Caring and Sharing—a global concern’. Two students can participate from each school. Being the NIE coordinator of your school, put up a notice inviting names of debaters for participation.
As the Head Boy/Head Girl of your school you are organising a Career Counselling Session for XI and XII Std. students of your school. Write a notice giving details of it to be displayed on your school notice board. (Word limit: 50 words)
You are the Secretary of your School Literary Association. Write a notice for your school notice board, giving details of the inauguration of the Literary Association activities. You are ABC of Queen Victoria Senior Secondary School, Nagpur. (Word limit: 50 words).
You are the Editor of your school magazine. Draft a notice for your school notice board inviting articles, sketches, etc. from the students for your school magazine. Sign as XYZ of ABT Senior Secondary School, Hyderabad. (Word limit: 50 words)
You are Amit/Amrita, Head Boy/Head Girl of your school (Zenith Public School). Write a notice for your school notice board calling for entries from desirous students for Britannia Quiz Contest—Preliminary round to be held at your school
You are Subodh/Smriti, Head Boy/Head Girl of your school. (Ascot Public School, Ranchi). Write a notice for your school notice board inviting students to participate in an inter-house Science Quiz to be held at your school.
Commerce Association IBM School Faridabad is inviting Professor P.C. Seth to speak on ‘Tax Reforms-the Need of the Hour’. As the Secretary of the Commerce Association, write a notice inviting the students to attend the lecture. Give details.
You are Sahil, Cultural Secretary of Tagore Model School, Cuttack. You have organised a Charity Show in your school in aid of the drought affected villagers of Kalahandi. Write out a notice to be displayed on the school notice board informing the students
; about the show and seeking their cooperation for the success of the charity show.
Your school is organising a fete to collect funds for charity. Only school students are eligible to put up stalls. As Head Boy/Head Girl of the Meera International School, draft a notice in not more than 50 words to be put up announcing sale of stalls giving all other necessary details.
2. PICNIC/TOURS/EXCURSIONS
SOLVED QUESTIONS

Question 1:
your school is organising a tour to Mumbai and Goa during the winter vacation. Write a notice giving detailed information to the students. You are Madhav/Madhavi, School Pupil Leader, St. Columbia’s Senior Secondary School, Ameenabad, Lucknow. (Word limit: 50 words)
Answer:

ST. COLUMBIA’S SR. SECONDARY SCHOOL, LUCKNOW

10 Dec. 20XX

NOTICE

The school is organising a ten-day tour to Mumbai and Goa as per details given below :
Date : Dec. 23 to 2 Jan.
Cost : ₹ 2500/- per head
Plans : Visiting interesting sites, joining Christmas/New Year Celebrations/Surfing/Trekking.
Those interested may submit names to the undersigned before 16 December.
Madhav / Madhavi
School Pupil Leader

Question 2:
The Students’ Council of your school has organised an excursion to Ajanta and Ellora for the students of classes XI and XII during winter break. As the President of the Council, write a notice in not more than 50 words telling the students about this excursion and inviting their names for joining it.
Answer:

APEX PUBLIC SCHOOL, AGRA

4 December 20XX.

NOTICE
EXCURSION

The students’ Council is organising an excursion to Ajanta and Ellora for a fortnight.
Date of Departure : 22nd Dec
Date of Return : 5th Jan
Fee : ₹ 5000 per head
Plans : Visiting Mumbai and other sites besides the caves Interested students may contact the undersigned and deposit the cash before 10th December 20XX.
Arun Verma
President
Students’ Council

Question 3:
You are Sanjay / Sangeeta. As President of the Excursion Club; you have organized an excursion to Kathmandu (Nepal) during the summer vacation for the senior students of your school. Write a notice in about 50 words, informing the students about the proposed excursion.
Answer:

Excursion Club
K.M. MEMORIAL SCHOOL, BHIWANI

10 April 20XX

NOTICE

All students of Class XI and XII are invited to join an excursion to Kathmandu (Nepal).
Duration : a fortnight
Dates : 15 May to 29 May
Expenses : ₹ 5000 per person
Itinerary : Available with the undersigned Those interested may contact the undersigned before 17th April.
Sanjay/Sangeeta
President
Excursion Club

Question 4:
The 10th International Book Fair is being held at Pragati Mdidan between 7 Feb.-14 Feb 20XX. As Secretary, Literary Association, write a notice informing students about it.
Answer:
1 Feb. 20XX

NOTICE
INTERNATIONAL BOOK FAIR

The 10th International Book Fair is being organised as per details given below:
Venue : Pragati Maidan
Dates : 7 Feb. – 14 Feb. 20XX
Time : 11 a.m. – 7 p.m.
Entry fee : Free for students, conducted tours All students are requested to visit.
Contact the undersigned for class-wise programme.
Shashi/Sachin
Secretary
Literary Association

Question 5:
You are Deepak /Dipti, School Captain. The Principal has permitted you to organise a class picnic to Suraj Kund / Badhkhal Lake under the supervision of your class teachers. Write a notice for the school notice board inviting the names of those who would like to join the picnic.
Answer:
6 Aug. 20XX

NOTICE
PICNIC AT SURAJKUND

A picnic at Surajkund is being organised on Sunday, the 14th August 20XX for class XII.
Departure : 8 a.m. (School bus)
Arrival : 6 p.m.
Fees : ₹ 50 per head
Attraction : Fun Games/Boating/Crafts Exhibition
Guidance : Sh. J.P. Gupta & Ms. S. Ahuja, class teachers Those interested may give their names to the undersigned by 11th August.
Deepak /Dipti
School Captain

TEST YOUR SKILLS

The Students’ Council of your school has organised an excursion to Kathmandu for the students of classes XI and XII during summer vacation. As President of the Council, write a notice in not more than 50 words telling the students about this excursion and inviting their names for joining it.
The Students’ Council of your school has organised an excursion to Goa for the students of classes XI and XII during summer vacation. As President of the Council, write a notice in not more than 50 words telling the students about this excursion and inviting their names for joining it.
You are the pupil leader of your school. Draft a notice for the notice board about an excursion that your school is organising, giving all the necessary information in not more than 50 words, asking those desirous to join the excursion to give their names.
Write a notice to be circulated among the students of class XII informing them about a free trip to the International Trade Fair at Pragati Maidan. Imagine you are Priya/ Pranav, School Captain.
As Asha/Abhinav, School Pupil Leader, write a notice for the school notice board, informing students about proposed picnic at Rose Gardens/Sukhana Lake, Chandigarh.
3. SPORTS/NSS/RED CROSS/CAMPS
SOLVED QUESTIONS

Question 1:
You are Vikram/Vineeta, the Sports Secretary of Jawahamagar Public School, Varanasi. Draft a notice inviting students to give their names for various events to be organised on the Annual Sports Day of your school. (Word limit: 50 words)
Answer:

JAWAHARNAGAR PUBLIC SCHOOL, VARANASI

20 Nov. 20XX

NOTICE
ANNUAL SPORTS DAY

Students are invited to submit their names for participating in any five of the following sports activities, for the Annual Sports Day to be held on 15th December.

Races : 100M, 200M, 400M, 800M, 1600M, 10,000M
Jumps : High Jump, Long Jump, Hop and Pole Vault
Throws : Shot-Put, Discus, Javelin & Hammer Throw Names should reach the undersigned latest by 1st December.
Vikram / Vineeta
Sports Secretary

Question 2:
You are the Sports Captain of King’s Public School, Kalimpong. Write a notice to be put up on the school notice board informing the students about the inter-school basketball match. Give all necessary details of the match to be played.
Answer:

KING’S PUBLIC SCHOOL, KALIMPONG

10 Aug. 20XX

SPORTS NOTICE

The students will feel glad to know that our basketball team has reached the final of inter-school basketball championship. The final match against St. John School Darjeeling will be played tomorrow, i.e., 11 Aug. 20XX at 3 p.m. at our school ground. Please do come, cheer up the team and boost their morale.
J. Kheming
Sports Captain

Question 3:
Your school is holding a summer camp for training students in Hockey and Basketball. Write a notice for the school notice board ofAnand Prakash Vidyalaya, Allahabad. You are the Sports Secretary of the school. (Word limit: 50 words)
Answer:

ANAND PRAKASH VIDYALAYA, ALLAHABAD

15 April 20XX

NOTICE
SPORTS – SUMMER CAMP

Sports lovers will be pleased to know that our school is organising a summer camp for training students in Hockey and Basketball.
Duration : 10 days – 15 May to 30 May
Time : 8 to 10 a.m. & 5 p.m. to 7 p.m.
Venue : Jawahar Lai Nehru Stadium
Eligibility : Students of IX to XII only.
Those interested in taking benefit of the facility should give their names to the
undersigned latest by 30 April 20XX.
Hrishit Pandey
Sports Secretary

Question 4:
Write a notice for the school notice board inviting volunteers for an N.S.S. Camp. You are Gaurif Gautam, the Group leader ofS.D. Sr. Sec. School, Ambala Cantt.
Answer:

S.D. SR. SEC. SCHOOL, AMBALA CANTT

2 Sept. 20XX

NOTICE
N.S.S. CAMP

An N.S.S. camp of our unit will be held from 15 Sept, to 30 Sept, at village Dinapur. Projects include Adult Literacy, Tree Plantation. Cleanliness Campaign and Health Awareness. Volunteers should give their names to the undersigned by 7th Sept. 20XX.
Gauril Gautam
Group Leader N.S.S.

Question 5:
You are Rama Rao, Secretary of the Students’ Council of your School (St. Thomas School, Cochin). Write a notice for the school notice board inviting volunteers for a one-day Blood Donation Camp organised by The Red Cross Society of India at your school.
Answer:
10 Aug. 20XX

ST. THOMAS SCHOOL, COCHIN
NOTICE
BLOOD DONATION CAMP

The Red Cross Society of India is organising a blood donation camp at our School.
Date : 17th August 20XX
Time : 10 A.M. to 3 P.M.
Venue : School Auditorium Students are urged to participate in large number.
Remember: Your blood can save a human life
Rama Rao
Secretary
Students’ Council

TEST YOUR SKILLS

You are Kumar, Sports Secretary of ABC School, Chennai. Write a notice for the school notice board informing the students that your school is playing a match against M.A.K. Senior Secondary School in the T.N.C.A. Cricket finals. Invite them to come and watch the match to cheer the team. (Word limit: 50 words)
You are Samuel John, the School Prefect. Your school has organised a trekking expedition dining the autumn break. Draft a notice for the notice board giving all the necessary details in not more than 50 words asking those keen to join to submit their names.
Under the “Each One: Teach One” programme, your school has adopted a nearby village/slum. As N.S.S. group leader, motivate student volunteers to participate in the campaign. You are Vibha/Varun of Springdales School, Rohtak.
You are the Director, Physical Education of your school. Your school is playing against CPM school, Meerut, in the Zonal Volleyball finals. Write a notice in about 50 words for your school notice board inviting your school students to come and watch the tournament and cheer the team. [AI 1999C]
You are the Sports Secretary of your school. Write a notice in 50 words for the school notice board, asking the students interested in hockey to give their names for selection for your school hockey team. (Eligibility—class VI to VIII students).
4. LOST AND FOUND
SOLVED QUESTIONS

Question 1:
Saurabh Shukla, a student of Class XII, has lost his calculator somewhere in the School premises. Write a short notice for the school notice board requesting the finder to return it to him. Saurabh is a student of Jain Model School, Surat.
Answer:

JAIN MODEL SCHOOL, SURAT

15 Oct. 20XX

NOTICE
LOST! LOST! LOST!

Lost a Sharp-VM Calculator in the school premises during recess today. My initials SS are engraved on its black back. The finder is requested to return the same to the undersigned. A treat is promised.
Saurabh Shukla
XII B—Roll No. 67

Question 2:
You are Ashish Khanna of Class XII. You have found a watch in the school playground. Write a notice for the school notice board inviting its rightful owner to claim the watch after furnishing necessary details about it.
Answer:

ABC SCHOOL, MYSORE

10 Nov. 20XX

NOTICE
FOUND! FOUND! FOUND!

Found a gent’s wrist watch in the school playground today, i.e., 10 Nov. 20XX at 8.30 a.m. The genuine owner of the watch can claim it back from the undersigned after giving necessary details about the watch and identification marks if any.
Ashish Khanna
XII A
Roll No. 25

TEST YOUR SKILLS

You are Vijay Saxena of XII C, DAV Sr. Sec. School, Chitra Gupta Road, New Delhi. You have dropped your purse somewhere in the school premises. Write a notice for the students’ notice board requesting the finder to return it to you.
You are Ayushi of XII B. You have lost your bus-pass in the Activities Room during the rehearsals of the school play. Write a notice for the notice board of your school giving necessary details.
You are Puja, a student of XII class of Sarojini Model School, Hyderabad. You have lost your project file in the School canteen dining recess/vacant period. Write a notice for the school notice board giving details of the file and its contents.
You are Jyoti, a student of Sharada Academy, Jhansi. You have found a book lying in the school premises. Write a notice for the school notice board inviting the rightful owner to furnish necessary details to claim it back from you.
Avani, a student of class XII, has found a wallet in the school canteen. In addition to
cash, it contains some receipts/bills. Write a notice for the school notice board inviting the rightful owner to claim it after giving details of the wallet and its contents.
You are Sanjeev/Shubha of XII B of Summer Fields School. You have found a purse containing some important personal documents and some cash. Write a notice to be put up on the school notice board.
5. CELEBRATIONS
SOLVED QUESTIONS

Question 1:
You are Mohan, the Secretary of the Old Boys Association of your school. The Association proposes to celebrate its Silver Jubilee year of the school. Draft a notice to be published in the newspaper inviting suggestions about how to celebrate it. (Word limit: 50 words)
Answer:
10 March, 20XX

Old Boys’ Association
BIRLA PUBLIC SCHOOL, PILANI
NOTICE

The ex-students of this prestigious institution will be pleased to learn that the O.B.A. proposes to celebrate the Silver Jubilee year of the school. Suggestions are invited from the enlightened alumni about how to celebrate it best. Please send your suggestions along with latest contact address and subscription to the undersigned by 10th April 20XX.
Mohan
Secretary
Old Boys’ Association
BPS Pilani

Question 2:
Your school has just completed 25 years of its meritorious services to society. The Students’ Council of y our school has decided to celebrate its Silver Jubilee. As President of the Council, write a notice in not more than 50 words for the students of your school, informing them about the Council’s decision and seeking their cooperation for the success of the proposed silver jubilee celebrations.
Answer:
24 Sept., 20XX

Students’ Council
LALA LAJPAT RAI MEMORIAL SCHOOL, LUDHIANA
NOTICE

The Students’ Council is organising a cultural function to celebrate the Silver Jubilee of the school which has just completed 25 years of its meritorious services to society. The cultural evening will comprise songs, dances, skits, group dances/ songs etc. Please participate and lend active cooperation to make the function a grand success.
Pankaj Khera
President
Students’ Council

Question 3:
Your school has decided to celebrate the Golden Jubilee of National Independence by arranging a day long programme. As the Pupil Leader of your school, write a notice, giving details of the programme and calling for the participation and cooperation of your school students. (Notice not to exceed 50 words and be suitable for the school notice board).
Answer:

ZENITH SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL, LUCKNOW

20 July 20XX

NOTICE
GOLDEN JUBILEE CELEBRATIONS

On the occasion of Independence Day the celebrations will be held as under:
Date : 15th August 20XX
Venue : School assembly compound
Time : 9.00 a.m. onwards
Chief Guest : Mr Trilok Gupta, I.A.S.
Programme : Flag hoisting, cultural extravaganza, gymnastics, fancy dress, on-the-spot painting contest
Every one is welcome to participate. Names must be given to the undersigned by 1st Aug.
Piyush
Pupil Leader

TEST YOUR SKILLS

St. Annes School, Maryland has completed 50 years of meritorious service to the society. As President of the Students’ Council of your school, write a notice informing the Council’s decision to celebrate the Golden Jubilee of the school. You are Sanjeev/Sanjana.
Your School Nutan Bharat Public School, Baroda has just completed 25 years of meritorious services to society. As president of the Students’ Council, write a notice informing the students about the Silver Jubilee Celebrations proposed by the Students’ Council and seeking their suggestions/cooperation.
Your school has won All-Round-Best Trophy for its achievement in sports, academics, cultural and welfare activities. The Students’ Council has decided to celebrate this occasion. Write a notice informing the students about the proposed celebrations.
B. GENERAL NOTICES
OR
PUBLIC NOTICES

Public/General notices are announcements/news/information addressed to a large section of people or to the general public. The notices are either published in newspapers/ magazines or displayed on public notice boards at prominent places in the colony/city.
Main Features

Use the notice format.
Tone & style – Very formal.
Language – Simple and intelligible.
Include relevant matter: State issues/problems/rules clearly.
Put date of writing the notice at the top/bottom.
End with signature & designation of the issuing authority.
General notices include court notices, tender-notices, sale/auction notices, academic notices, obituary, club notices, lost & found notices in addition to notices for general welfare of the public.

1. PUBLIC NOTICES
SOLVED QUESTIONS

Question 1:
You are Abhinav /Abha. You have planned a 2-week course to be arranged to help the children of your group Housing Society at Kanpur acquire the communication skills. Prepare a notice for the society’s notice board, stating the objectives of the course, giving necessary details of the course and requesting the children of the Society to join the course.
Answer:
2 Oct. 20XX

NOTICE
IMPROVE YOUR COMMUNICATION SKILLS

A two-week course on communication skills is being organised for the children of our Group Hopsing Society as per details given below:
Date : 15 Oct. – 30 Oct. 20XX
Timings : 4 p.m. – 6 p.m.
Venue : Community Hall, Jyoti Group Housing Society, Kanpur
Fee : ₹ 500
The students interested in improving the communication skills may contact the undersigned for further details.
Abhinav /Abha
Secretary
23B, J.G.H. Society, Kanpur

Question 2:
You are Rakesh /Rakhi, the secretary of L.M. Residents’ Welfare Society, Green Park Extension, Kolkata. Write a notice requesting the members of the Society to attend a meeting of the Society to discuss the problem of security of the members of your Society.
Answer:
5 Oct. 20XX

L.M. RESIDENTS’ WELFARE SOCIETY
Green Park Extension, KOLKATA
NOTICE

A meeting of the members will be held to discuss the problem of security of the members of the Society.
Date : 10 December 20XX
Time : 6 p.m.
Venue : Community Centre
All the members are requested to attend the meeting and give their considered opinion/valuable suggestions.
Rakesh/Rakhi
Secretary
LMRWS

Question 3:
You are the Secretary of Modern Flats Welfare Association, Bangalore. Write a notice to be circulated to the members of the Association, requesting them to attend a meeting to discuss the parking of the vehicles of the residents.
Answer:

MODERN FLATS WELFARE ASSOCIATION, BANGALORE

6 Dec., 20XX

NOTICE

A meeting of the members of the Association will be held on Sunday, the 10th December 20XX at 3 p.m. in the Association’s Community Centre to discuss the arrangements to be made for the parking of the vehicles of the residents to ensure safety as well as convenience. All the members are requested to attend.
Neeraj Sood
Secretary
MFWA

Question 4:
M/s Suraj Associates Gurgaon have terminated the services of their employee, Sohanlal who used to get orders and advances from their customers. Write a public notice for a daily newspaper informing the public that the company will not be responsible for any dealings done by Sh. Sohanlal on their behalf.
Answer:

PUBLIC NOTICE

M/s Suraj Associates, Gurgaon hereby declare that the services of their employee, Sh. Sohanlal have been terminated. The customers are informed not to give him any orders/advance payments on our behalf. The company will not be responsible for the dealings made by him.
Ravi Sharma
For M/s Suraj Associates
1 June 20XX

2. ACADEMIC NOTICES

Question 5:
An Inter-school Kabaddi Competition is organized by your school. Write a notice, in not more than 50 words, requesting the students to be present at the venue to encourage the players. Invent all the necessary details. You are Arjun, the sports captain of your school.
Answer:

ST. MICHAEL SR. SECONDARY SCHOOL, DELHI

December 10, 20XX

NOTICE
INTER SCHOOL KABADDI COMPETITION

An Inter-school Kabaddi Competition is going to be held on 20th December at 3.00 pm in the school playground. The students who want to participate in the competition may enroll their names along with their details till 17th December to their Sports Secretary. All the students are requested to be present at the venue to cheer up the participants. For further details, contact the undersigned.
Arjun
Sports captain

Question 6:
You are the Controller of Examinations of CBSE. The Central Government has declared 15th March a public holiday. CBSE has decided to shift all examinations scheduled for 15th March to a later date. Draft a notice, announcing the change, in about 50 words for publication in a newspaper.
Answer:

EXAMINATION NOTICE
CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION, PREET VIHAR, NEW DELHI
CHANGE IN SCHEDULE

Consequent on the Central Government’s decision to observe 15th March as a public holiday, all the examinations of CBSE scheduled for 15th March have been shifted to 25th March and 28th March 20XX.
Candidates may contact the Principals of their examination centres for clarifications, if needed.
Controller of Examinations
CBSE, New Delhi
5 March 20XX

3. LOST AND FOUND

Question 7:
You have lost your wallet containing valuable documents (passport, certificates and a bunch of keys) while travelling by Taj Express from Delhi to Agra. Write a notice for publishing in ‘The Times of India’ (Delhi) under ‘Lost and Found’ column. You are Naresh/Neha of 5A/42C, Janakpuri, New Delhi.
Answer:

LOST AND FOUND

Lost a wallet of black leather containing some valuable documents including my Board’s certificate of All India Senior Secondary Examination, passport and a bunch of keys on 23rd July, 20XX while travelling by Taj Express from Delhi to Agra. Finder will be suitably rewarded. Contact Naresh, 5A/42C, Janakpuri, New Delhi.

4. SALE NOTICES

Question 8:
Garuda Silk Mills (P) Ltd. Banaras, launches its Discount Sale for its export qualities in Delhi. Write a suitable Sales Notice for publication in a newspaper.
Answer:

GARUDA SILK MILLS, BANARAS
NOTICE
HEAVY DISCOUNT SALE

Export quality sarees of Garuda Silk Mills available at heavy discount in Delhi for the first time.
Date : 15 & 16 August 20XX
Time : 9 a.m. to 8 p.m.
Venue : Hotel Neeraj, A/4 Akbar Road, New Delhi
Items:

China silk saree worth ₹ 500 available for ₹ 125
Priya Banarasi printed silk saree worth ₹ 800 available for ₹ 200
Garni gold embroidered silk saree worth ₹ 15000 available for ₹ 400
Note: These pieces have minor defects. Not easily visible.

5. AUCTION NOTICES

Question 9:
You are the Commissioner, Customs Department, North Zone, 567, Sector 17 Chandigarh. Write out a notice for the auction of confiscated property by auction on ‘as is where is’ basis.
Answer:

AUCTION NOTICE

Notice is hereby given to interested buyers of foreign goods regarding the annual auction sale of confiscated items by the Customs Department on ‘as is where is’ basis.
Date : 23 Sept. 20XX
Time : 10 a.m.
Place : Ware House, Customs Dept., 567, Sector-17, Chandigarh. Conditions apply. Brochure available at enquiry on payment of ₹ 10/-. Goods can be inspected on 21 Sept. 20XX from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m.
Commissioner
Customs Dept., North Zone

6. CLUB NOTICE

Question 10:
You are the Secretary of Gymkhana Club of Coimbatore. Draft a notice to be sent to the members asking them to attend the extraordinary meeting of the Governing Body (Insert the necessary details). Sign as Prabhat /Parvi. (Word limit: 50)
Answer:

GYMKHANA CLUB, COIMBATORE

10 March 20XX

NOTICE

Members are requested to make it convenient to attend an extraordinary meeting of the Governing Body to discuss amendments in guest charges and monthly subscriptions.
Date : 20th March 20XX
Time : 7 p.m.
Place : Gymkhana Club Complex, Coimbatore
Governing Body members are requested to stay for dinner.
Prabhat /Parvi Secretary

7. TENDER NOTICES

Question 11:
You are the Principal, Govt. Women’s Polytechnic Bhopal (M.P.). Draft a notice inviting tenders for supply of Engineering Books (Indian & Foreign) for the session 20XX-20XX.
Answer:

GOVT. WOMEN’S POLYTECHNIC BHOPAL (M.P.) INDIA
NOTICE INVITING TENDERS

Sealed tenders (on tender forms available at ₹ 100 per form) are invited in duplicate for the supply of Engineering, Information Technology books from publishers/dealers of books on percentage discount on printed price. Approximate cost of books required is ten lacs. The tender along with a D.D. of ₹ 5,000 as earnest money should reach the undersigned by 14.00 hours on or before 21 Nov. 20XX.
Principal
Govt. Women’s Polytechnic
Bhopal

8. OBITUARY

Question 12:
You are Rakesh Talwar. Your grandfather expired on 1st November 20XX. Write a notice for publication in newspaper giving information about CHAUTHA and UTHALA ceremony.
Answer:

CHAUTHA/UTHALA
With profound grief, we regret to inform the untimely sad demise of our beloved
BALDEV KUMAR TALWAR
on Friday, 1st November 20XX

Chautha and Uthala will be held on Saturday, 2nd Nov, 20XX from 4 p.m. to 5 p.m. at L-19/14, DLF City, Phase-II, Gurgaon.
In Grief:
Prabha Talwar : Smt. Lila Tuli, Shri Raj Talwar, Rakesh & Indu Talwar,
Atul & Anju Talwar : Rahul & Kavita Trehan, Trilok & Kamlesh Rawal
Rohit & Abha Bhandari : Ashok Rawal
And all family members and well-wishers.

September 20, 2022

Punctuation English Grammar

 English Grammar
Punctuation
Punctuation is derived from the latin word ‘ punctum ‘ means the right use of putting in points or stops in writing.
The following are the important stops:
1. Full stop (.)
2. Comma (,)
3. Semicolon (;)
4. Colon (:)
5. Question mark (?)
6. Exclamation mark (!)
Other marks in common use are the dash , parenthesis , inverted commas or quotation marks

Full Stop
1. Use a full stop at the end of a sentence.
Example: I enjoyed the movie.
2. Use a full stop after an initial.
Example: M. E. Kerr is a wonderful author.
3. Use a full stop after an abbreviation.
Example: We welcomed Mrs. Simmons to our team.
4. Use a full stop as a decimal point.
Example: The workers received a 2.1 percent raise.
5. Use a full stop to separate dollars and cents.
Example: The book cost $4.95.
6. Use a full stop after each number in a list printed vertically.
Exclamation Mark
1.Use an exclamation mark at the end of a sentence, phrase, or word to indicate strong emotion. (Never use more than one exclamation mark.)
Example: Wow! I never thought Mom would let us go to the concert!
Unacceptable: Wow!! I never thought Mom would let us go to the concert!!!!!!
Question Mark
1. Use a question mark at the end of a question.
Example: Did Steven go with you?
2. Use a question mark at the end of a declarative statement that you want to emphasize as not believing the statement.
Example: She’s our new teacher?
3. Use a question mark with parentheses to indicate that you are not sure of a spelling or other fact.
Example:
I have to visit an orthopedic (?) doctor next week.
Comma
1. Use a comma after each item in a series of at least three items. (It has become acceptable to omit the comma before the conjunction in a series. However, it is important to remain consistent.)
Example: I still need to take a test, write an essay, and check out a book.
Example: I dislike spinach, broccoli, and cauliflower.
Acceptable: I dislike spinach, broccoli and cauliflower.
2. Use commas after the street address and city in an address. (Do not use a comma after the state.)
Example: The address is 1234 Apple Street, Midtown, Kansas 98765.
3. Use a comma after the day and the year in a date. (No commas are used in dates when using the MLA style.)
Example: Connie’s birthday is February 20, 1965.
MLA version: Connie’s birthday is 20 February 1965.
4. Use a comma to clarify large numbers. Counting from right to left, a comma is needed after every 3 digits. This rule does not apply to years, where no commas are used at all.
Example: In 1998 the population of Claremont was 23,899.
5. Use a comma to set off an interruption in the main thought of a sentence.
Example: Rosa, of course, will bring her folding chairs.
6. Use a comma to separate two or more adjectives that equally modify the same noun. (If you aren’t sure whether to use a comma to separate the adjectives or not, say the sentence with the word and in place of the comma. If it makes sense, then use the comma.)
Example: Jill was having problems with the unruly, disruptive children.
7. Use a comma after a dependent clause that begins a sentence. (Never use a comma before a dependent clause at the end of a sentence.)
Example: If Mr. Wilson complains, we’ll invite him for a snack.
Example: We’ll invite Mr. Wilson for a snack if he complains.
8. Use a comma before the conjunction in a compound sentence. However, if the two independent clauses are very short, you do not need the comma.
Example: We had a lot of fun, so I’ll have another party soon.
Example:
She spoke and I took notes.
9. When quoting, put a comma to the left of a quotation mark that does not already have a period, question mark, or exclamation point. (It is much easier to remember this rule than to worry about “inside” and “outside”.)
Example: Ariel said, “I knew you would win the contest.”
10. Use a comma after a mild interjection, such as oh or well .
Example: Oh, the test was not that difficult.
11. Use a comma after a noun of direct address.
Example: Kodi, didn’t I ask you to clean your room?
12. Use a comma after the greeting in a personal letter.
Example: Dear Aunt Sheila,
13. Use a comma after the closing of a letter.
Example: Sincerely,
14. Use a comma to indicate where a pause is necessary in order to avoid confusion. (Sometimes rewriting the sentence is a better choice.)
Example: After Kelly, Jennifer gets a turn.
Example: Maria came in, in quite a hurry.
15. Use a comma after an appositive. (An appositive is a noun or noun phrase that gives additional information about the noun that it follows. Do not use a comma after a restrictive appositive, which is one that cannot be removed from the sentence without changing the meaning of the sentence.)
Example: Wesley, my brother, is an optician.
16. Use a comma to set off the abbreviation etc .
Example: I went to the store to get napkins, plates, cups, forks, etc.
Semocolon
1. Use a semicolon to join two independent clauses. (This eliminates the need for a comma and a conjunction.)
Example: Casey read a book; then he did a book report.
2. Use a semicolon to separate items in a series when those items contain punctuation such as a comma.
Example: We went on field trips to Topeka, Kansas; Freedom, Oklahoma; and Amarillo, Texas.
Colon
1. Use a colon between numerals indicating hours and minutes.
Example: School starts at 8:05 a.m.
2. Use a colon to introduce a list that appears after an independent clause. (Introductory words such as following go somewhere before the colon to help introduce the list.)
Example: You need the following items for class: pencil, pens, paper, ruler, and glue.
3. When mentioning a volume number and page number, use a colon between the two items.
Example: You will find information about Mexico in Grolier Encyclopedia 17:245.
4. Use a colon after the greeting of a business letter.
Example: Dear Sir:
5. Use a colon between the title and subtitle of a book.
Example: Reading Strategies That Work: Teaching Your Students to Become Better Readers is an excellent resource.
6.Use a colon between the chapter and verse numbers for parts of the Bible.
Example: Please read Genesis 1:3.
Apostrophe
1. Use an apostrophe in a contraction to show where letters have been omitted, or left out.
Example: I don’t think I can do this. (The apostrophe shows that the letter
2. Use an apostrophe when you leave out the first two numbers of a year.
She was in the class of ’93.
3. For a singular noun that does not end in -s , add ‘s .
Example: The lady’s hands were trembling.
4. For a one syllable singular noun that ends in possessive.
Example: It is my boss’s birthday today.
5. If a singular noun has more than one syllable and ends in -s it is acceptable to use ‘s
OR to use only an apostrophe after the -s . (It is important to remain consistent.)
Example: The metropolis’s citizens were very friendly during our visit.
Acceptable: The metropolis’ citizens were very friendly during our visit. 6. To form the possessive of a singular proper noun ending in -s, it is acceptable to add ‘s
OR to add only an apostrophe. (It is important to remain consistent.)
Example: Mr. Ness’s classroom is very inviting.
Acceptable: Mr. Ness’ classroom is very inviting. 7. If a plural noun ends in -s , add an apostrophe after the -s .
Example: The ladies’ restroom was a mess.
8. If a plural noun does not end with an – s , form the possessive by using an apostrophe before an -s .
Example: The mice’s tails were caught in a trap.
9. For a compound noun, place the possessive ending after the last word.
Example: My mother-in-law’s car was in the garage during the hail storm. (singular)
Example: My brothers-in-law’s cars were damaged in the hail storm. (plural)
10. To show possession of the same object by more than one noun, only make the last noun in the series possessive.
Example: I’m looking for Mrs. Garcia, Mrs. Lee, and Miss Carter’s office. (They all share the same office.)
Example: I’m looking for Mrs. Garcia’s, Mrs. Lee’s, and Miss Carter’s offices. (Each person has her own office.)
11. Use an apostrophe to form the plural of a number, letter, sign, or word used as a word.
Example: Check to see that you used the + ‘s and – ‘s correctly.
Quotation Marks
1. Use quotation marks before and after a direct quote. If the speaker tag interrupts the quoted material, then two sets of quotation marks are needed. However, do not put quotation marks around the speaker tag.
Example: “I think my leg is broken,” Jesse whimpered.
Example: Did Mrs. Steele just say, “We are going to have a test today”?
Example: “I can’t move.” Maria whispered, “I’m too scared.”
2. Put quotation marks around the titles of short works, such as articles, songs, short stories, or poems.
Example: Have you heard the song “Love Me Tender,” by Elvis Presley?
3. Place quotation marks around words, letters, or symbols that are slang or being discussed or used in a special way. (Underlining can be used for the same purpose.)
Example: I have a hard time spelling “miscellaneous.”
Example: I have a hard time spelling miscellaneous .
4. Use single quotation marks for quotation marks within quotations.
Example: “Have your read the poem, ‘The Raven,’ by Edgar Alan Poe?” I asked Chris.
5. Any punctuation used goes to the left of a quotation mark. However, if the punctuation is used to punctuate the whole sentence and not just what is inside the quotation marks, then it goes to the right.
Example: Have you read the poem, “Anabel Lee”?
Ellipsis 1. Use an ellipsis to indicate a pause.
Example: You mean … I … uh … we have a test today?
2. Use an ellipsis to indicate omitted words in a quotation.
Example: “Then you’d blast off … on screen, as if you were looking out … of a spaceship.”
3. If the ellipses comes at the end of your sentence, you still need end punctuation, even it is a period.
I listened carefully as the teacher read Lincoln’s inaugural address. “Four score and seven years ago ….” Hyphen
1. Use a hyphen in compound numbers from twenty-one to ninety-nine.
Example: The final score was seventy-eight to sixty-two.
2. Use a hyphen between the numbers in a fraction.
Example: I only used three-fourths of the flour you gave me.
3. Use a hyphen to form some compound words, especially compound adjectives that appear for the nouns they modify.
Example: The court took a ten-minute recess.
4. Use a hyphen to join a capital letter to a word.
Example: I had to have my arm X-rayed.
5. Use a hyphen to show a family relationship, except “grand” and “half.”
Example: My sister-in-law helps take care of my great-aunt.
Example: We are going to go visit my grandparents while we are in town.
Example: Connie just found out that she has a half sister.
Dash
1. Use a pair of dashes to indicate a sudden interruption in a sentence. (One handwritten dash is twice as long as a hyphen. One typewritten dash is one hyphen followed by another.)
Example: There is one thing–actually several things–that I need to tell you.
2. Use a dash to attach an afterthought to an already complete sentence.
Example: Sarah bought a new pet yesterday–a boa constrictor.
3. Use a dash after a series of introductory elements.
Example: Murder, armed robbery, assault–he has a long list of felonies on his record.
Parentheses
1.Use a set of parentheses around a word or phrase in a sentence that adds information or makes an idea more clear. (Punctuation is placed inside the parentheses to mark the material in the parentheses. Punctuation is placed outside the parentheses to mark the entire sentence. When the material in parentheses is longer than one sentence [such as this information], then the punctuation for the final sentence is placed inside the parentheses.)
Example: Your essay (all nine pages of it) is on my desk.
2.Do not use parentheses within parentheses. Use brackets in place of the inner parentheses.
Example: Please refer to Julius Caesar (Act IV,).
Brackets 1.Use brackets around words of your own that you add to the words of someone you are quoting.
Example: The news anchor announced, “It is my sad duty to inform our audience that we are now at war [with Iraq].”
Underlining (OR Italics) It is more acceptable to use italics when available. 1. Underline titles of long works such as books, magazines, albums, movies, etc. (Do not underline end punctuation.)
Example: We use The Language Handbook to study grammar.
Example: We use The Language Handbook to study grammar.
2. Underline foreign words which are not commonly used in everyday English.
Example: If you look closely, you’ll see e pluribus on most U.S. currency.
Example : If you look closely, you’ll see e pluribus on most U.S. currency.
3. Underline a word, number, or letter which is being discussed or used in a special way. (Quotation marks can be used for the same purpose.)
Example: Remember to dot every i and cross every t .
n Example: Remember to dot every i and cross every t .

September 11, 2022

Political Science class 12 Chapter 5 Contemporary South Asia

Chapter 5 Contemporary South Asia
TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS SOLVED
1. Identify the country:
(a) The struggle among pro-monarchy, pro-democracy groups and extremists created an atmosphere of political instability.
(b) A landlocked country with multi¬party competition.
(c) The first country to liberalise the economy in the South Asian region.
(d) In the conflict between the military and pro-democracy groups, the military has prevailed over democracy.
(e) Centrally located and shares borders with most of the South Asian Countries.
(f) Earlier the island had the Sultans as the head of state. Now, it is a republic.
(g) Small savings and credit cooperatives in the rural areas have helped in reducing poverty.
( h ) A landlocked country with a monarchy.
Answer: (a) Nepal (b) Bhutan
(c) India (d) Pakistan
(e) India (f) Maldives
(g) India (h) Nepal
2. Which among the following statements about South Asia is wrong?
(a) All the countries in South Asia are democratic.
(b) Bangladesh and India have signed an agreement on river-water sharing.
(c) SAFTA was signed at the 12th SAARC Summit in South Asian politics.
(d) The US and China play an influential role in South Asian politics.
Answer: (a) All the countries in South Asia are democratic.
3. What are some of the commonalities and differences between Bangladesh and Pakistan in their democratic experiences?
Answer: Bangladesh has been the part of Pakistan itself. Both of these countries bear some similarities and differences as follows:
Commonalities
1. Both Bangladesh and Pakistan were under a military rule.
2. At both the places, the struggle for democracy took place in their own way.
3. Pakistan’s administration began under the command of General Ayub Khan and gave up due to dissatisfaction among people giving way to Yahya’s military rule and continued with the army rule though elections were held by military rulers to give a democratic shape to their own rule.
4. In the same way, Bangladesh drafted its own constitution to begin with democracy. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman formed presidential setup by abolishing all the parties except Awami Legue. But after his assassination the new military ruler Zia-ur-Rahman formed his own party and won elections in 1979. Later on he was also assassinated and another military leader Lt. Gen. H.M. Ershad took over. Differences
1. In Pakistan, military, clergy and land-owning aristocrats dominated socially to overthrow elected government whereas in Bangladesh the leaders and their party members dominated for the same.
2. Pro-military groups have become more powerful due to conflict with India in Pakistan whereas in Bangladesh, pro-military groups are powerful due to friendship and encouragement of India.
4. List three challenges to democracy in Nepal.
Answer: The three challenges to democracy in Nepal were the result of a triangular conflict between-
1. the monarchist forces
2. the democrats
3. the Maoists
These challenges created massive, countrywide, pro-democracy protest in April 2006.
5. Name the principal players in the ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka. How do you assess the prospects of the resolution of this conflict?
Answer: The principal players in the ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka were Sinhala and Sri Lankan Tamils.
After its independence, politics in Sri Lanka was dominated by the interests of Sinhala community who was hostile to Tamils, who migrated from India to be settled there. Sinhalese presumed Sri Lanka to be belonged to them only, hence no concession should be given to Tamils. This created militant Tamil nationalism
i. e. ‘Ethnic conflict’.
Despite the revenges of internal conflict Sri Lanka has maintained democratic political system and registered considerable economic growth and high level of human development.
6. Mention some of the recent agreements between India and Pakistan. Can we be sure that the two countries are well in their way to a friendly relationship?
Answer: Although Indo-Pakistan relations seem to be the story of endemic conflict and violence, there have been a series of efforts to manage tensions and build peace under the various agreements:
1. Agreed to undertake confidence building measures to reduce the risk of war.
2. Social activists and prominent personalities have collaborated to create an atmosphere of friendship.
3. Leaders have met at summits to better understanding.
4. Bus routes have been opened up between these two countries.
5. Trade between the two parts of Punjab has increased substantially in the last five years.
6. Visas have been given more easily. No, despite the above mentioned agreements and initiatives, we can not be sure that both the countries are well in their way to friendship, still some areas of conflict exist there to be sorted out,
7. Mention two areas each of cooperation and disagreement between India and Bangladesh.
Answer: Disagreement
1. Differences over the sharing of the Ganga and Brahmaputra river waters.
2. Illegal immigration to India.
3. Refusal to allow Indian troops to move through its territory.
4. Not to export natural gas to India.
Cooperation
1. Economic relations have been improved considerably within last ten years.
2. Bangladesh is the part of India’s ‘Look East’ policy to link up with southeast Asia via Myanmar.
3. Cooperated on the issues of disaster management and environment.
4. Cooperation on identifying common threats and being more sensitive to each other’s needs.
8. How are the external powers influencing bilateral relations in South Asia? Take any one example to illustrate your point.
Answer: The external powers influence bilateral relations in South Asia because no region exists in the vacuum. It is influenced by outside powers and events no matter how much it may try to insulate itself from non-regional powers:
1. China and the US remain key players in South Asian politics.
2. Sino-Indian relations have improved significantly in the last ten years, but China’s strategic partnership with Pakistan remains a major irritant.
3. The demands of development and globalisation have brought the two Asian giants closer and their economic ties have multiplied rapidly since 1991.
4. The US enjoys good relations with both India and Pakistan and works as a moderator in Indo-Pak relations.
5. Economic reforms and liberal economic policies in both the countries have increased the depth of American participation. . _
6. The large South Asian economy remains in the US and the huge size of population and markets of the region give America an added stake in the future of regional security and peace.
9. Write a short note on the role and the limitations of SAARC as a forum for facilitating economic cooperation among the South Asian Countries.
Answer: Role of SAARC: Role of SAARC can be identified as follows:
1. ‘South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation’ (SAARC) is a regional initiative among South Asian states to evolve cooperation since 1985 onwards.
2. It consists of seven members to encourage mutual harmony and understanding.
3. SAARC has initiated SAFTA (South Asian Free Trade Agreement) to free trade zones for wThole south Asia for collective economic security.
4. SAARC has projected on economic development of its member states to reduce their dependencies on the non-regional powers.
Limitations: SAARC is growing slowly due to political differences among its member states—
1. Only the conflicts led to bilateral issues as Kashmir problem between India and Pak.
2. Some of the India’s neighbours fear that India intends to dominate them by influencing their societies and politics.
3. SAARC members are from among the developing or least developing countries which creates insufficiency of funds.
10. India’s neighbours often think that the Indian government tries to dominate and interfere in the domestic affairs of the smaller countries of the region. Is this a correct impression?
Answer: No, the impression is not correct because India makes efforts to manage its neighbours beyond its size and powers which can be justified on following grounds-
1. India often feels exploited by its neighbours.
2. On the other hand, India’s neighbours fear that India wants to dominate them regionally but India is centrally located who shares borders with other countries geographically, which should be accepted on mutual understanding.
3. India avoids political instability in its neighbouring states so that outsiders should not take advantage of influence in the region.
MORE QUESTIONS SOLVED
Very Short Answer Type Questions [1 Mark]
1. Fill in the blanks:
The South Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) was signed by the members of in the year
Ans: SAARC, 2004.
2. Whose mediation resolved the Indus River water dispute between India and Pakistan?
Answer: The World Bank.
3. How long did East and West Pakistan remain together?
Answer: From 1947 to 1971.
4. What was the reason for the formation of SAARC?
Answer: The states of South Asia recognised cooperation and friendly relations among themselves which gave birth to the formation of SAARC for mutual trust and understanding among its member states.
5. What is the full form of SAARC?
Answer: SAARC: South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation.
6. Mention present status of Sri Lanka.
Answer: Sri Lanka has maintained a democratic political system alongwith a considerable economic growth i.e. Sri Lanka is one of the first developing countries to control population growth rate, liberalised economy and bears highest per capita Gross Domestic Product despite ongoing conflicts.
7. What does the MDP stand for?
Answer: MDP stands for Maldivian Democratic Party.
8. Who took the command over Pakistan after its first constitution was framed?
Answer: General Ayub Khan.
9. What does SPA stand for?
Answer: SPA stands for Seven Party Alliance to protest against monarchy in Nepal.
10. What was the former name of Sri Lanka?
Answer: Ceylon.
11. Mention changes that occurred in Maldives.
Answer: 1. Transformed into a republic with a presidential form of government in 1968.
2. In June 2005, parliament voted unanimously to introduce multi¬party system.
3. Democracy strengthened after 2005 elections.
12. What is meant by Geo-politics?
Answer: Geo-politics refers togetherness of countries who are bound with each other geographically and their interests are also interlinked politically and economically.
13. What do you mean by South Asia?
Answer: South Asia signifies a group of seven countries i.e. Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Pakistan and the Maldives who stand for diversity in every sense but still constitute one geo¬political space.
14. How did LTTE emerge?
Answer: LTTE emerged 1983 onwards on the negligence of Tamil interest by Sri Lanka government. Hence, ‘Liberation Tigers of Tamil Elam’ (LTTE) took birth demanding a seperate state for Tamil in Sri Lanka.
15. What does SAFTA stand for?
Answer: SAFTA: South Asian Free Trade Area Agreement.
Very Short Answer Type Questions [2 Marks]
1. Mention the names of member states of SAARC.
Answer: India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Maldives.
2. Mention any two objectives of SAARC.
Answer: 1. To provide an integrated programme for regional development.
2. To accelerate economic growth, social progress in the region.
3. “Democracy in South Asia has expanded the global imagination of democracy”. Do you agree? Justify.
Answer: The various countries in South Asia have experienced mixed record of democracies and the people also share an aspiration for democracy to be flourished not only in rich or developed countries but in developing and underdeveloped countries also which can be drawn from the examples of Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan and Maldives, because—
1. Every ordinary citizen, rich or poor belonging to different religions view the idea of democracy positively and support the institutions of representative democracy.
2. They prefer democracy over any other form of democracy and think that democracy is suitable for their country.
4. Explain the problems that India have with Pakistan.
Answer: India have following problems with Pakistan:
1. The problem of Kashmir on the issues of Pak occupied Kashmir (Pok) and Line of Control (LOC). India claims Kashmir to be its integral part and Pakistan refuses to accept it. Hence, wars took place in 1965 and 1971, but issue remained unsettled.
2. Problems over starting issues like control of Siachin glacier and over acquisition of arms involved both the states acquiring nuclear weapons and missiles to deliver such arms against each other in 1990s.
3. Pakistan government has been blamed for using a strategy of low key violence by helping Kashmiri militants with arms, training, money and protection to carry out terrorist strikes against India.
4. Pak’s spy agency Inter Services Intelligence (ISI) is alleged to involve in various anti India campaigns.
5. “Military rule and democracy are the two sides of a coin in Pakistan”. Examine the statement.
Answer: Military rule and democracy co-exist or are the two sides of a coin can be examined with the following facts:
1. After the implementation of first constitution in Pakistan, General Ayub Khan took the command, but was overthrown by military general Yahya Khan due to dissatisfaction of rule.
2. Again in 1971, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto formed an elected government which was later removed by General Zia-ul- Haq in 1977.
3. 1982 onwards, pro-democracy movements took place resulting an elected democratic government in 1988 under leadership of Benazir Bhutto, replaced by Nawaz Sharif.
4. Nawaz Sharif was again removed by General Pervez Musharraf in 1999 and in 2005, he got himself elected as president but was later dethroned by the court.
6. What is Indus River Water Treaty? Mention its significance also.
Answer: India and Pakistan signed Indus River Water Treaty by the mediation of the world bank in 1960 over the issue of sharing of rivers of the Indus basin. This treaty has been survived despite many military conflicts between these two countries. .
7. Why did India help Bangladesh to get independence and how?
Answer: Bangladesh was created by the support of India because:
1. West Pakistan did not allow Awami League, an East Pakistani Party to form government despite winning all the seats.
2. East Pakistanis rebelled against and were suppressed by the army of West Pakistan, resulting large scale migration into India.
3. This created huge refugee problem for India.
4. Hence, India supported the demand of East Pakistanis financially and militarily.
5. In December 1971, a war took place between India and Pakistan and ended with the surrender of Pakistani forces by forming Bangladesh as an independent country.
8. Mention some points of agreement between India and Nepal.
Answer: India and Nepal enjoy the following agreements:
1. Allow their citizens to travel and work without visas and passport.
2. India is the largest aid giver to Nepal to provide financial and technical assistance in areas of trade, scientific cooperation, common natural resources and electricity generation.
9. Mention the features of SAFTA.
Answer: South Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) was signed by SAARC members in 2004 with the following features:
1. Formation of Free Trade Zone for whole south Asia.
2. To sustain mutual trade and cooperation among SAARC members.
10. Mention some other conflicts in South Asia except with that of India.
Answer: 1. Nepal and Bhutan as well as Bangladesh and Myanmar have disagreement over the migration of ethnic Nepalese into Bhutan and Rohingyas into Myanmar.
2. Bangladesh and Nepal bear some differences over the future of Himalayan river water.
Short Answer Type Questions [4 Marks]
1. Despite the mixed record of democratic experience, the people of all the countries of South Asia share the aspiration of democracy.
Answer: The various countries in South Asia have experienced mixed record of democracies and the people also share an aspiration for democracy to be flourished not only in rich or developed countries but in developing and underdeveloped countries also which can be drawn from the examples of Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan and Maldives, because:
1. Every ordinary citizen, rich or poor and belonging to different religions view the idea of democracy positively and support the institutions of representative democracy.
2. They prefer democracy over any other form of democracy and think that democracy is suitable for their country.
2. Describe any two major issues of conflicts between India and Pakistan leading to the war of 1971.
Answer: The 1947-48 war resulted in the division of the province into Pakistan occupied Kashmir (Pok) and the Indian province of Jammu and Kashmir divided by the Line of Control (LOC). Pakistan claims Kashmir to be its part but India presumes it to be its integral part. Hence, these conflicts led to war in 1971 and India won but the issues remain unsettled.
3. Describe any four consequences of Bangladesh war of 1971.
Ans: 1. India supported the demand of East Pakistan financially and militarily.
2. The war of 1971 made Pakistani forces to surrender in East Pakistan.
3. Bangladesh was formed as an independent country.
4. Bangladesh drafted its constitution declaring faith in secularism, democracy and socialism.
4. Explain India’s changing relationship with Pakistan.
Answer: Although Indo-Pakistan relations seem to be story of endemic conflict and violence, there have been a series of efforts to manage tensions and build peace under the various agreements:
1. Agreed to undertake confidence building measures to reduce the risk of war.
2. Social activists and prominent personalities have collaborated to create an atmosphere of friendship.
3. Leaders have met at summits to create better understanding.
4. Bus routes have been opened up between these two countries.
5. Trade between the two parts of Punjab has increased substantially in the last five years.
6. Visas have been given more easily. Despite above mentioned agreements and initiatives, we cannot be sure that both the countries are well on their way to friendship, still some areas of conflict exist there to be sorted out.
5. Highlight any two issues of cooperation as well as confrontation each between India and Bangladesh.
Or
Explain any two points of conflict between India and Bangladesh.
Answer: Co-operation:
1. Economic relations have been improved considerably in last ten years.
2. Bangladesh is the part of India’s ‘Look East’ policy to link up South East Asia via Myanmar.
3. Both the countries have cooperated regularly on the issues of disaster management and environment.
Confrontation:
1. Bear differences over several issues including the sharing of Ganga and Brahmaputra river water.
2. India is unhappy on the issues of denial of illegal immigration, refusal to allow Indian troops and not to export natural gas to India.
6. What is meant by SAARC? How can peace and cooperation be enhanced through it?
Answer: SAARC stands for South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation for mutual trust and understanding among states of South Asia.
Role of SAARC:
1. SAARC is a regional initiative among South Asian states to evolve cooperation since 1985 onwards.
2. It consists of seven member’s to encourage mutual harmony and understanding.
3. SAARC has initiated SAFTA (South Asian Free Trade Agreement) to form free trade zones for whole South Asia for collective economic security.
4. SAARC has projected on economic development of its member states to reduce their dependencies on the non-regional powers.
7. Name the countries included in South Asia. How can peace and cooperation be enhanced in this region?
Answer: Countries included in South Asia are India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Maldives. South Asian countries are diverse in every sense, still constitute one geo¬political space by enhancing peace and cooperation in the following way-
1. People in all these countries share an aspiration of fair democracy.
2. South Asian members recognise the importance of cooperation and friendly relations among themselves.
3. SAARC is the regional initiative to evolve cooperation among member states.
4. SAARC members have signed South Asia Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) to free trade for the whole of south Asia.
8. How was democracy restored in Nepal over monarchy? Explain
Answer: Nepal was a Hindu kingdom in the past and then a constitutional monarchy in the modern period for many years-
1. Throughout this period, the political parties and common people wanted to establish democracy, but the king retained full control with the help of army and restricted expansion of democracy.
2. The king accepted new democratic constitution in 1990 due. to pro-democracy movement but again in 2007, due to triangular conflict of monarchists, democrats and maoists, king abolished the parliament.
3. A massive countrywide pro¬democracy protest took place and achieved first major victory to force king to restore the house of representatives.
4. But Nepal’s transition to democracy is not complete. It is moving towards the framing of constituent assembly to France and its constitution.
9. Why did India and Nepal experience differences between themselves?
Ans: India and Nepal experience differences between themselves due to the following reasons-
1. Indian government expressed displeasure at the warm relationship between Nepal and China.
2. India is unhappy on inaction of Nepal government against anti-Indian elements.
3. The Maoist movement in Nepal is a security threat to India giving rise to Naxalite groups in various states of India from Bihar in the North to Andhra Pradesh in the South.
10. Mention some features of Indo-Bhutan relationship.
Answer: India does not have any major conflict with the Bhutanese government.
1. The efforts made by Bhutanese monarch to weed out the gurillas and militants from north-eastern India that operate in the country have been helpful to India.
2. India is involved in big hydroelectric projects in Bhutan and remains the Himalayan Kingdom’s biggest source of development aid.
Passage Based Questions [5 Marks]
1. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions:
Pakistan and Bangladesh have experienced both civilian and military rulers, with Bangladesh remaining democracy, in the Post Cold War period. Pakistan began the post cold war period with successive democratic governments under Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif respectively. But it suffered a military coup in 1999 and-has been run by a military regime since then. Till 2006, Nepal was a constitutional monarchy with the danger of the king taking over executive powers. In 2006, a successful uprising led to restoration of democracy and reduced the king to a nominal position, from the experience of Bangladesh and Nepal, we can say that democracy is becoming an accepted norm in the entire region of South Asia.
Questions
1. How did Pakistan begin with Post Cold War period?
2. Mention two reasons for the aspiration of democracy in South Asia.
3. Why these findings are significant?
Answer:
1. Pakistan began with post cold war period with successive democratic government under Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif.
2. Ordinary citizens rich or poor or belonging to different religions or institutions view democracy more suitable and support them.
3. Because it was earlier believed that democracy could flourish and find support only in prosperous countries of the world.
2. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions:
No region exists in a vacuum. It is influenced by outside powers and events, no matter how much it may try to insulate itself from non-regional powers. China and the United States remain key players in South Asian politics. Sino-Indian relations have improved significantly in the last ten years, but China’s strategic partnership with Pakistan remains a major irritant. The demands of development and globalisation have brought the two Asian giants closer and their economic ties have multiplied rapidly since 1991.
Questions
1. Which two countries have been referred to as outside powers?
2. Which are the two Asian giants and why they have been called so?
3. China’s strategic partnership with Pakistan is a major irritant for which country and why?
Answer:
1. The US and China.
2. India and China, because both of them have been considered as rising economic powers in the world.
3. India, because China has been seen as a contributor to Pakistan’s nuclear programme.
Long Answer Type Questions [6 Marks]
1. Assess the positive and negative aspects of India’s relations with Bangladesh.
Answer: Bangladesh was a part of Pakistan from 1947 to 1971. It consisted of the partitioned areas of Bengal and Assam from British India. The people of this region resented the domination of Western Pakistan and the imposition of Urdu language. Soon after the partition, they began protests against the unfair treatment meted out to the Bengali culture and language. They demanded autonomy for the eastern region. But the government dominated by the West Pakistan leadership refused their demand. The Pakistan army tried to suppress the mass movement of the Bengali people. Thousands were killed by the Pakistan army. This led a large scale migration into India, creating a huge refugee problem for India. The government of India supported the demand of the people of East Pakistan for their independence and helped them financially and militarily. This resulted in a war between India and Pakistan in December 1971 that ended in surrender of the Pakistan forces in East Pakistan and the formation of Bangladesh as an independent country.
2. How is the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) a major regional initiative by South Asian States to evolve co-operation through multilateral means? Assess.
Answer: Role of SAARC:
Role of SAARC can be identified in the following ways:
1. ‘South Asia Association for Regional Co-operation’ (SAARC) is a regional initiative among South Asian States to evolve cooperation since 1985 onwards.
2. It consists of seven members to encourage mutual harmony and understanding.
3. SAARC has initiated SAFTA (South Asian Free Trade Agreement) to form free trade zones for whole South Asia for collective economic security.
4. SAARC has projected economic development of its member states to reduce their dependencies on the non-regional powers.
South Asian free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) was signed by SAARC members in 2004 with the following features:
1. Formation of free trade zone for whole South Asia.
2. To lower trade tarrifs by 20%.
3. To sustain mutual trade and cooperation among SAARC members.
3. Like India why could democracy not take roots in Pakistan despite the fact that both the countries share a common part?
Or
Explain the factors responsible for Pak’s failure in building a stable democracy.
Or
Describe any two pro-democracy factors present in Pakistan which can pave the way for establishing a lasting democratic setup over there?
Or
“Since 1947 Pakistan has been experimenting with democratic system and the military rule”. In the light of above statement explain any two reasons why democratic system has not been stable there?
Answer: The following factors are responsible for Pakistan’s failure in building a stable democracy:
1. The lack of genuine international support for a democratic rule in Pakistan has encouraged to military to continue its dominance. The US and other countries have also supported military rule due to fulfilling their own interests.
2. Pakistan’s conflict with India has made paramilitary groups more powerful which have often said that political parties and democracy in Pakistan are flawed, that Pakistan’s security would be harmed by selfish minded parties and chaotic democracy, hence army stay in power is justified.
3. The social dominance of military, clergy, and owning aristocracy has led to frequent overthrow of elected governments and the establishing of military governments.
4. Global Islamic Terrorism and their apprehension that Pakistan’s nuclear arsenal might fall into hands
of these terrorist groups, the military regime in Pakistan was seen as the protector of western interests in West Asia and South Asia.
The two pro-democracy factors present in Pakistan that can pave the way for establishing a lasting democratic set up over there are:
1. Pakistan bears a courageous and entirely free press.
2. Pakistan enjoys strong human rights movement.
4. What are the major differences between SAARC and European Union as an alternative centres of poor?
Answer: 1. The European Union bears economic political-diplomatic and military influence all over the region and its closest neighbours whereas SAARC is limited towards its South Asian Region only.
2. The member states of European Union are maximum from among the developed countries while SAARC members are from among least developed countries (LOCs)
3. The EU behaves like a nation state by having its own anthem and currency but SARRC does not enjoy these.
4. The EU performance as an important bloc in international economic organisations such as WTO but SAARC has initiated SAFTA only to cooperate economically among its member states.
Picture/Map Based Questions [5 Marks]
A1. Study the picture given below and answer the questions that follow:
1. What does the cartoon represent?
2. What does the equations speak about?
3. “I’m always good at calculations”. What does this represent?
Answer:
1. Dual role of Pakistan’s ruler Pervez
Musharraf as the president and as army General. ,
2. These equations speak about dominance of one person militarily more rather than only president.
3. It shows the nation that Musharraf wants to command the country militarily and administratively both to strengthen his power because president’s survival is not easy without military support.
2. Study the picture given below and answer the questions that follow:
Questions
1. What does the cartoon represent?
2. Which animals do represent Sinhala and LTTE?
3. What does Sri Lankan leadership speak in the cartoon?
Answer:
1. Sri Lanka’s ethnic conflict between LTTE and Sinhala.
2. Sinhala by Lion, LTTE by Tiger.
3. Sri Lankan leadership is supposed to balance both Sinhala hardliners and Tamil militants while negotiating peace.
B. On a political outline map of world locate and label the following and symbolise them as indicated:
Questions
1. A landlocked country with multi-party competition.
2. Centrally located and shares borders with most South Asian Countries.
3. Earlier the island had Sultan as head, now its a republic.
4. A landlocked country with a monarchy.
5. Country, where military has prevailed over democracy
Answer:
1. Bhutan
2. India
3. Maldives
4. Nepal
5. Pakistan

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